Seleção de microalgas dos gêneros Desmodesmus e Scenedesmus produtoras de lipídeos: otimização do cultivo e aplicação do efluente doméstico de reator UASB como substrato alternativo à produção de biodiesel
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
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Descrição
Microalgas são interessantes fontes de lipídeos para produção de biodiesel. No entanto, seus cultivos para tal finalidade são apenas viáveis do ponto de vista ambiental e econômico se apresentarem elevadas produtividades de biomassa e de lipídeos e estiverem associados ao uso de efluentes. A presente pesquisa estudou as condições de cultivo das microalgas Desmodesmus e Scenedesmus, considerando o conteúdo lipídico para produção de biodiesel, aliado à análise da eficiência de remoção de nutrientes pelas cepas, além da avaliação do efluente de reator UASB (esgoto sanitário) como meio alternativo ao cultivo. Dentre 22 cepas de microalgas isoladas de ambientes de água doce e lagoas de estabilização, 2 foram selecionadas para otimização de seus cultivos diante das suas capacidades de acumularem lipídeos e crescerem em diferentes condições físico-químicas. Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) foi aplicado para otimização das condições de crescimento celular das cepas LE17 (34,5ºC, pH 8,2 e 200 μmol.m-2.s-1) e ITU07 (34ºC, pH 8,2 e 180 μmol.m-2.s-1). Definidas as condições ótimas, foram realizados os cultivos mixotróficos das cepas em batelada (8 litros) em meio sintético e em efluente de reator UASB (50%). Nos cultivos em efluente de reator UASB as produtividades de biomassa das cepas LE17 e ITU07 foram, respectivamente, 3,4 e 3 vezes maiores do que as obtidas na condição não otimizada (controle) o que demonstrou a viabilidade do esgoto sanitário como meio alternativo ao cultivo de microalgas. Nos cultivos em meio sintético as produtividades de biomassa das cepas LE17 e ITU07 foram, respectivamente, 48,3 e 22,6 vezes maiores do que as observadas na condição não otimizada (controle). Os conteúdos lipídicos das cepas sob condição otimizada (em meio sintético e no efluente do reator) apresentaram aumento (1%-6,1%) em relação aos observados na condição controle. Assim, houve elevação das produtividades de biomassa das cepas e por consequência, aumento da produção de lipídeos. Os principais ácidos graxos identificados nos lipídeos extraídos foram C16:0 e C18:1. O estudo da remoção de nutrientes pelas microalgas verificou que as cepas são eficientes na remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo tanto do meio sintético quanto do efluente do reator UASB.
Microalgae are interesting source of lipids for biodiesel production. However, their cultivation for this purpose is only economic and environmental feasible if high biomass and lipid productivity are achieved under wastewater use as nutrients source. This research aimed to improve the culture conditions of Chlorococcales microalgae (Desmodesmus and Scenedesmus), considering the lipid content for biodiesel production, the efficiency of nutrient removal by strains, besides the evaluation of wastewater from UASB reactor as an alternative substrate for the cultures. Among 22 strains of microalgae isolated from freshwater environments and stabilization ponds, 2 were selected for culture optimization due to their capacity of accumulating lipids and growing under different physicochemical conditions. Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimization of cell growth conditions of strains LE17 (34,5ºC, pH 8,2 e 200 μmol.m-2.s-1) and ITU07 (34ºC, pH 8,2 e 180 μmol.m-2.s-1). The optimal conditions were defined and mixotrophic batch cultivations (8 liters) of strains in synthetic medium and in wastewater from UASB reactor (50%) were performed. The biomass productivities of the strains LE17 and ITU07 in domestic wastewater cultivation were, respectively, 3,4 e 3,0 times higher than those obtained in the non-optimized condition (control). This suggested the feasibility of wastewater use as an alternative substrate for the microalgae cultivation. The biomass productivities of the strains LE17 and ITU07 in synthetic medium cultivation were, respectively, 48,3 e 22,6 times higher than those observed in non-optimized condition (control). The lipid content of strains under optimized conditions (in synthetic medium and domestic wastewater) showed an increase (1%-6,1%) compared to those observed in the control condition. Thus, there was an increase in biomass productivities of the strains and consequently, increased production of lipids. The major fatty acids identified in the extracted lipids were C16:0 e C18:1. The study of nutrients removal by microalgae found that the strains are efficient in the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus from both the synthetic medium and wastewater from the UASB reactor.
Microalgae are interesting source of lipids for biodiesel production. However, their cultivation for this purpose is only economic and environmental feasible if high biomass and lipid productivity are achieved under wastewater use as nutrients source. This research aimed to improve the culture conditions of Chlorococcales microalgae (Desmodesmus and Scenedesmus), considering the lipid content for biodiesel production, the efficiency of nutrient removal by strains, besides the evaluation of wastewater from UASB reactor as an alternative substrate for the cultures. Among 22 strains of microalgae isolated from freshwater environments and stabilization ponds, 2 were selected for culture optimization due to their capacity of accumulating lipids and growing under different physicochemical conditions. Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimization of cell growth conditions of strains LE17 (34,5ºC, pH 8,2 e 200 μmol.m-2.s-1) and ITU07 (34ºC, pH 8,2 e 180 μmol.m-2.s-1). The optimal conditions were defined and mixotrophic batch cultivations (8 liters) of strains in synthetic medium and in wastewater from UASB reactor (50%) were performed. The biomass productivities of the strains LE17 and ITU07 in domestic wastewater cultivation were, respectively, 3,4 e 3,0 times higher than those obtained in the non-optimized condition (control). This suggested the feasibility of wastewater use as an alternative substrate for the microalgae cultivation. The biomass productivities of the strains LE17 and ITU07 in synthetic medium cultivation were, respectively, 48,3 e 22,6 times higher than those observed in non-optimized condition (control). The lipid content of strains under optimized conditions (in synthetic medium and domestic wastewater) showed an increase (1%-6,1%) compared to those observed in the control condition. Thus, there was an increase in biomass productivities of the strains and consequently, increased production of lipids. The major fatty acids identified in the extracted lipids were C16:0 e C18:1. The study of nutrients removal by microalgae found that the strains are efficient in the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus from both the synthetic medium and wastewater from the UASB reactor.
Palavras-chave
Biodiesel, Esgoto sanitário, Lipídeos, Otimização do cultivo, Biodiesel, Culture optimization, Domestic wastewater, Lipids