Notas sobre concepções de preço e valor nos custos da Arquitetura
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
O processo de projeto, em Arquitetura, busca a interdisciplinaridade entre diferentes áreas de conhecimento e pressupõe a interlocução de diversos profissionais no diálogo com as propostas idealizadas pelo arquiteto. Assim, é exigido do profissional o exercício de múltiplas aptidões para solucionar os problemas adequadamente, com criatividade e mínima racionalidade, por meio das ferramentas que lhe dão liberdade de soluções. Uma dessas aptidões, de relação intrínseca à produção, está no enfrentamento do projeto arquitetônico com os custos da construção: tema amplamente discutido como um campo ainda a se desenvolver na Arquitetura. Neste contexto, apesar da disponibilidade financeira trazer limitações construtivas que afetam os valores arquitetônicos, a expressividade dos custos da produção comumente não dialoga com as questões valorizadas no projeto; pois este, em sua maioria, privilegia a definição dos espaços e suas respectivas formas para compreensão programática e volumétrica e não necessariamente analisa as especificidades construtivas indispensáveis para a execução do objeto arquitetônico. Para tal dilema, a pesquisa se propõe a analisar o enfrentamento entre projeto arquitetônico e canteiro de obras a partir dos custos da produção, do preço de venda e do valor da obra arquitetônica nas áreas de conhecimento correlatas à Arquitetura, como a Arquitetura dos Custos(na procura por orçar idéias a partir das correlações do espaço arquitetônico com os custos da construção), a Engenharia dos Custos (orçamentação tradicional da economia da construção, a partir do objeto arquitetônico definido, para obtenção e maximização dos lucros) e a Crítica da Economia Política que, ao trabalhar a teoria do valor-trabalho com investigação socioeconômica na produção, discute a possibilidade de incongruência entre o preço de venda inserido no capital global, e o valor de produção advindo do processo construtivo específico para a realização da mercadoria.
The process of design, in Architecture, searches for interdisciplinarity between different areas of knowledge and requires the interchange of various professionals in dialogue with the proposals devised by the architect. Thus, it is required of the professional exercise multiple skills to solve problems adequately with minimum rationality and creativity, using the tools that give him freedom of solutions. One of these skills, with intrinsic relation to the production, is the ability to deal with the architectural design in relation to the construction costs: theme widely discussed as a field yet to develop in Architecture, because the budgeting processes have little emphasis on the training of architects. In this context, despite the fact that the availability of finance bring constructive limitations that affect the architectural project, the importance of production costs do not dialogue with the issues valued in the project, for it mostly focuses on the definition of spaces and their shapes in terms of programmatic and volumetric - and not necessarily examines the constructive specificitys needed to implement the architectural object. For this dilemma, the research aims to analyze the confrontation between architectural design and construction site from the costs of production, selling price and value of architectural work in the areas of knowledge related to architecture, such as\' Architecture Costs \'(in the search for budget ideas\' from the correlations of the architectural space with the costs of construction), \'Cost Engineering\' (traditional budgeting economy of construction, from the architectural object defined for obtaining and maximizing profits ) and the \'Critique of Political Economy\', while working theory of labor value to socio-economic research in the production, discusses the possibility of inconsistency between the sale price - inserted into the global capital, and production value - coming from the building process for the realization of specific goods.
The process of design, in Architecture, searches for interdisciplinarity between different areas of knowledge and requires the interchange of various professionals in dialogue with the proposals devised by the architect. Thus, it is required of the professional exercise multiple skills to solve problems adequately with minimum rationality and creativity, using the tools that give him freedom of solutions. One of these skills, with intrinsic relation to the production, is the ability to deal with the architectural design in relation to the construction costs: theme widely discussed as a field yet to develop in Architecture, because the budgeting processes have little emphasis on the training of architects. In this context, despite the fact that the availability of finance bring constructive limitations that affect the architectural project, the importance of production costs do not dialogue with the issues valued in the project, for it mostly focuses on the definition of spaces and their shapes in terms of programmatic and volumetric - and not necessarily examines the constructive specificitys needed to implement the architectural object. For this dilemma, the research aims to analyze the confrontation between architectural design and construction site from the costs of production, selling price and value of architectural work in the areas of knowledge related to architecture, such as\' Architecture Costs \'(in the search for budget ideas\' from the correlations of the architectural space with the costs of construction), \'Cost Engineering\' (traditional budgeting economy of construction, from the architectural object defined for obtaining and maximizing profits ) and the \'Critique of Political Economy\', while working theory of labor value to socio-economic research in the production, discusses the possibility of inconsistency between the sale price - inserted into the global capital, and production value - coming from the building process for the realization of specific goods.
Palavras-chave
Custos da construção, Economia política, Valor na arquitetura, Construction costs, Political economy, Value in architecture