Estudo para a utilização de resíduo da fabricação de papel na construção rodoviária
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
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Descrição
A indústria de papel e celulose representa um dos mais expressivos setores industriais do mundo, sendo de grande importância para a economia mundial. Na América do Sul, devido à grande disponibilidade de recursos florestais, O Brasil e o Chile são os maiores produtores de celulose. O Brasil produz em torno de 6 milhões de toneladas de polpa por ano, dos quais 98% são branqueadas, segundo pesquisas da Unicamp (2004). A produção de papel passou por evoluções ao longo dos anos, que possibilitou o melhoramento da qualidade e velocidade de produção, fazendo com que este setor industrial gerasse um aumento na capacidade produtiva, acarretando um aumento do volume de resíduos gerados pela indústria de papel e celulose. O alto consumo de papel e seus métodos de produção endossam o rol das atividades humanas mais nocivas ao planeta. Para produzir 1 tonelada de papel são necessárias 2 a 3 toneladas de madeira, uma grande quantidade de água (mais do que qualquer outra atividade industrial) e muita energia (está em quinto lugar na lista das que mais consomem energia). O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar resultados da avaliação, em laboratório, de propriedades físicas e mecânicas de misturas constituídas de solo, cal e resíduo da fabricação de papel, visando sua utilização na construção rodoviária. Os ensaios de compactação foram realizados na energia equivalente ao Proctor Normal e o comportamento mecânico das misturas foi avaliado mediante os resultados obtidos dos ensaios de compressão simples, compressão diametral e triaxial cíclico. Para a realização destes ensaios escolheram-se os teores de 0 e 40% de resíduo e os teores 0,5 e 10% de cal. Avaliou-se, também, a rigidez do material mediante o módulo tangente inicial (Eo) e módulo de resistência (Mr). Os corpos-de-prova foram ensaiados sem imersão e após imersão em água por 4 horas, decorridos 7 dias de cura em câmara úmida. Posteriormente, analisou-se a influência do tempo de cura para 0, 2, 7, 28 84 dias de permanência em câmara úmida. Para determinar a periculosidade do resíduo foram executados ensaios ambientais de lixiviação e solubilização. Os resultados mostraram que a adição do resíduo e a influência da água agiram como agentes redutores das propriedades mecânicas. Entretanto, as misturas de solo-cal e solo-resíduo-cal atendem às especificações técnicas da State of the art 5 - Lime stabilization (TRB, 1987), oferecendo uma solução viável para a utilização destas misturas na construção rodoviária. Observou-se, também, que o aumento do tempo de cura e teor de cal conduziu a valores crescentes de resistência e rigidez. Os ensaios ambientais realizados no solo, resíduo da fabricação de papel e na mistura solo-resíduo-cal foram essenciais para se obter parâmetros que permitam acompanhar o desequilíbrio que possa surgir no meio ambiente decorrente da aplicação deste resíduo em camadas de base e sub-base de pavimentos.
The paper and pulp industry represent one of the most expressive industrial sector around the world, being of great importance to the world economy. In South America, because of the wide forest resources, Brazil and Chile are the largest pulp-producing. Brazil produces around 6 million tons of pulp per year, among which 98% of the pulp are produced by the bleaching process, according to research from Unicamp (2004). The paper production has undergone changes through the years, which enabled the improvement of the quality and speed of production. It made that this industrial sector has an increase of productive capacity and of waste\'s volume produced for the paper and pulp industry. The high consumption of paper and its productions ways increase the contingent of human most harmful activities o the planet. To produce 1 ton of paper are necessary from 2 to 3 tons of wood, a lot of water (more than any other industrial activity) and a lot of energy (it is in the fifth place in the list of industries that consume more energy). The main goal of this paper is present results of assessment, in laboratory, of physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of soil, lime and residue from the manufacture of paper, for their use in road construction. The compaction tests were made in the equivalent energy to the normal Proctor and the mechanical behavior of the mixtures was evaluated on the strength of the results of tests for unconfined compressive strength, diametrical compression and cyclic loading triaxial. For these tests have been chosen the levels of 0 and 40% of waste and the levels 0,5 and 10% of lime. It was evaluated also the stiffness of the material by the initial tangent modulus (Eo) and resilient modulus (Mr). The samples were tested without immersion and after immersion in water for 4 hours, after 7 days of cure in a moist chamber. Subsequently, it was analyzed the influence of curing time for 0, 2, 7, 28 and 84 days of stay in a moist chamber. To determine the dangerousness of the residue were performed environmental testing of leaching and solubility. The results showed that the addition of waste and the influence of water acted as reducing agents of mechanical properties. However mixtures of soil-lime and soil-residue-lime meet the technical specifications of the State of the art 5 - Lime stabilization (TRB, 1987), providing a feasible solution to the use of such mixtures in road construction. Observed also that increasing the curing time and content of lime led to increasing values of strength and stiffness. The environmental testing conducted in the soil residue from the manufacture of paper and the mixture soil-residue-lime were essential for obtaining parameters for monitoring the imbalance that may arise in the environment resulting from the application of this waste in layers of base and sub base\'s pavements.
The paper and pulp industry represent one of the most expressive industrial sector around the world, being of great importance to the world economy. In South America, because of the wide forest resources, Brazil and Chile are the largest pulp-producing. Brazil produces around 6 million tons of pulp per year, among which 98% of the pulp are produced by the bleaching process, according to research from Unicamp (2004). The paper production has undergone changes through the years, which enabled the improvement of the quality and speed of production. It made that this industrial sector has an increase of productive capacity and of waste\'s volume produced for the paper and pulp industry. The high consumption of paper and its productions ways increase the contingent of human most harmful activities o the planet. To produce 1 ton of paper are necessary from 2 to 3 tons of wood, a lot of water (more than any other industrial activity) and a lot of energy (it is in the fifth place in the list of industries that consume more energy). The main goal of this paper is present results of assessment, in laboratory, of physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of soil, lime and residue from the manufacture of paper, for their use in road construction. The compaction tests were made in the equivalent energy to the normal Proctor and the mechanical behavior of the mixtures was evaluated on the strength of the results of tests for unconfined compressive strength, diametrical compression and cyclic loading triaxial. For these tests have been chosen the levels of 0 and 40% of waste and the levels 0,5 and 10% of lime. It was evaluated also the stiffness of the material by the initial tangent modulus (Eo) and resilient modulus (Mr). The samples were tested without immersion and after immersion in water for 4 hours, after 7 days of cure in a moist chamber. Subsequently, it was analyzed the influence of curing time for 0, 2, 7, 28 and 84 days of stay in a moist chamber. To determine the dangerousness of the residue were performed environmental testing of leaching and solubility. The results showed that the addition of waste and the influence of water acted as reducing agents of mechanical properties. However mixtures of soil-lime and soil-residue-lime meet the technical specifications of the State of the art 5 - Lime stabilization (TRB, 1987), providing a feasible solution to the use of such mixtures in road construction. Observed also that increasing the curing time and content of lime led to increasing values of strength and stiffness. The environmental testing conducted in the soil residue from the manufacture of paper and the mixture soil-residue-lime were essential for obtaining parameters for monitoring the imbalance that may arise in the environment resulting from the application of this waste in layers of base and sub base\'s pavements.
Palavras-chave
Comportamento mecânico, Estabilização química, Solo-cal, Resíduo da fabricação de papel, Solo laterítico, Stabilization chemistry, Soil-lime, Mechanical behavior, Lateritic soils, Waste of paper manufacturing