Estabelecimento de cenários de medidas estruturais e não-estruturais para gestão das águas urbanas em escala de lote
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Questões de planejamento aliadas ao aumento da impermeabilização contribuem para a redução do amortecimento das águas, o que possibilita a ocorrência das enchentes urbanas. Assim, é imprescindível a adoção de instrumentos e ferramentas que permitam um adequado gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, bem como de sua drenagem. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho consistiu em propor e aplicar novas metodologias de medidas compensatórias não-estruturais como instrumentos de gestão das águas urbanas (Balanço Hídrico de Terceira Geração, \"IPTU Hidrológico\") em escala de lote urbano, de forma a gerar cenários prospectivos, que mostrem a influência da adoção de indicadores de pegada hídrica e de medidas estruturais da drenagem urbana no grau de neutralidade dos impactos no lote. A metodologia consistiu no dimensionamento e análises de custos das medidas estruturais (tanque de água e trincheira de infiltração) para um lote de 200 \'M POT.2\', a serem incorporadas ou não nas medidas não-estruturais (Balanço Hídrico de Terceira Geração e \"IPTU Hidrológico\"); que por sua vez, foram calculadas em função das componentes das águas urbanas, variáveis hidráulicas e hidrológicas. Ao final, foram formados 4 cenários em escala prospectiva atual (2010), 2025, 2050, 2075 e 2100: Global Orchestration, Order from Stregth, Adapting Mosaic, TechnoGarden e realizadas análises de sensibilidade das medidas não-estruturais em nível de escala de lote, bem como ponderações das componentes das águas urbanas para a obtenção dos valores monetários de IPTU. Por fim, foram extraídas justificativas pertinentes a tais medidas, com base em elementos técnicos, econômicos, sociais e ambientais de Águas Urbanas sob o contexto da Lei Federal de Saneamento Básico nº 11.445/07.
Planning\'s questions with the increase of impervious areas contribute to reduce the damping of water, allowing urban flooding\'s occurence. Thus, it\'s necessary to adopt instruments and tools that allow an appropriate management of water resources, as well as its drainage. In this sense, this paper proposed and implemented new methods of non-structural compensating measures as tools for urban water management (3rd Generation of Water Balance and \"Hydrological IPTU tax\") on urban scale in order to generate future scenarios that show the influence of the adoption of waterfootprint\'s indicators and structural measures in the neutrality of impacts in urban drainage. The methodology consisted in the design and cost analysis of the structural measures (water tank and infiltration trenches), for a 200 \'M POT.2\' lot, to be incorporated or not on the non-structural measures, which in turn were determinated by the hydraulic and hydrologic components of urban water. In the end, four scenarios were formed in time scale, current (2010), 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100 (Global Orchestration, Order from Strength, Adapting Mosaic and TechnoGarden), as well as were performed sensibility analyses of non-structural measures in terms of urban scale and are assigned weights of the urban water\'s components to obtain the monetary value of taxes. Finally, relevant justifications were described, based on technical, economic, social and environmental questions of urban water, under the context of Sanitation\'s Federal Law nº11.445/07.
Planning\'s questions with the increase of impervious areas contribute to reduce the damping of water, allowing urban flooding\'s occurence. Thus, it\'s necessary to adopt instruments and tools that allow an appropriate management of water resources, as well as its drainage. In this sense, this paper proposed and implemented new methods of non-structural compensating measures as tools for urban water management (3rd Generation of Water Balance and \"Hydrological IPTU tax\") on urban scale in order to generate future scenarios that show the influence of the adoption of waterfootprint\'s indicators and structural measures in the neutrality of impacts in urban drainage. The methodology consisted in the design and cost analysis of the structural measures (water tank and infiltration trenches), for a 200 \'M POT.2\' lot, to be incorporated or not on the non-structural measures, which in turn were determinated by the hydraulic and hydrologic components of urban water. In the end, four scenarios were formed in time scale, current (2010), 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100 (Global Orchestration, Order from Strength, Adapting Mosaic and TechnoGarden), as well as were performed sensibility analyses of non-structural measures in terms of urban scale and are assigned weights of the urban water\'s components to obtain the monetary value of taxes. Finally, relevant justifications were described, based on technical, economic, social and environmental questions of urban water, under the context of Sanitation\'s Federal Law nº11.445/07.
Palavras-chave
Drenagem urbana, Gestão das águas urbanas, Medidas estruturais, Medidas não-estruturais, Non-structural measures, Structural measures, Urban drainage, Urban water management