Práticas de estratégias de fim de vida focadas no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos e suas aplicações em empresas que realizam a recuperação de produtos pós-consumo
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
A recuperação de produtos por meio das estratégias de fim de vida (EoL) é uma alternativa pró-ativa que visa diminuir os impactos ambientais e os resíduos decorrentes do descarte desses produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho é levantar as práticas ligadas às estratégias de fim de vida que podem auxiliar o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP) e verificar quais estão sendo aplicadas por algumas empresas que recuperam produtos na fase de pósconsumo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática que identificou 87 práticas de estratégias de fim de vida e 64 práticas operacionais que podem ser usadas na integração da recuperação de produtos no PDP. De modo a verificar a aplicação das práticas operacionais, foram realizados quatro estudos de caso em empresas reconhecidas pela sua excelência em processos de remanufatura. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem verificar a baixa aplicação de práticas operacionais dentro dessas empresas no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Nos casos em que elas foram implantadas, observou-se que elas são uma mera conseqüência da melhoria continua dos processos. No entanto, as empresas já percebem a importância dessas práticas operacionais para a melhoria da gestão do ciclo de vida de seus produtos e das oportunidades relacionadas com os pilares da sustentabilidade (ambiental, econômico e social). Finalmente, conclui-se que há um paradoxo entre a teoria e a aplicação nas empresas com relação às práticas operacionais de fim de vida do produto, desde o PDP. Isto é ratificado pelo grande número de práticas existentes na literatura quando comparadas com a aplicação destas práticas operacionais nas empresas estudadas.
The recovery of products using end-of-life strategies (EoL) is a proactive alternative that aims to diminish environmental impacts and waste generated from the disposal of products. This research aims to compile practices based on the EoL strategy that are used by companies in the (PDP). Focus is given to companies that recover products after they have been disposed. To this end, a literature review was carried out, in which 87 EoL-like practices were identified. Additionally, this research identified 64 operational practices that integrate the PDP process with the recovery of products. Four case studies were conducted in companies renowned for their excellence in remanufacturing to assess the applicability of EoL-like practices. It was found a low degree of adoption of such practices in the companies researched, mainly in the PDP process. The practices implemented were a mere implication of the continuous improvement of processes. Nonetheless, it was observed that these companies realize the importance of EoL practices to improve the life-cycle management of their products, which may positively impact all facets of sustainability (environmental, economical and social). Finally, we conclude that there is a gap between theory and practice with respect to EoL practices used in the product development process, which is supported by the great variety of practices found in the literature as opposed to the use of operational practices in the companies studied.
The recovery of products using end-of-life strategies (EoL) is a proactive alternative that aims to diminish environmental impacts and waste generated from the disposal of products. This research aims to compile practices based on the EoL strategy that are used by companies in the (PDP). Focus is given to companies that recover products after they have been disposed. To this end, a literature review was carried out, in which 87 EoL-like practices were identified. Additionally, this research identified 64 operational practices that integrate the PDP process with the recovery of products. Four case studies were conducted in companies renowned for their excellence in remanufacturing to assess the applicability of EoL-like practices. It was found a low degree of adoption of such practices in the companies researched, mainly in the PDP process. The practices implemented were a mere implication of the continuous improvement of processes. Nonetheless, it was observed that these companies realize the importance of EoL practices to improve the life-cycle management of their products, which may positively impact all facets of sustainability (environmental, economical and social). Finally, we conclude that there is a gap between theory and practice with respect to EoL practices used in the product development process, which is supported by the great variety of practices found in the literature as opposed to the use of operational practices in the companies studied.
Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade. Estratégia de fim de vida. Práticas de operação. Desenvolvimento de produtos, Sustainability. Remanufacturing. End of life. Práctices. Operational practices. Development process