Reator anaeróbio híbrido para tratamento de esgoto sanitário
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Este trabalho de investigação refere-se ao uso do reator anaeróbio híbrido para tratamento de esgoto sanitário, com configuração baseada no reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB) com inclusão de: meio suporte sobre as calhas de coleta de gás (denominado reator anaeróbio híbrido - UAHB) e, também, meio suporte na zona de reação (denominado reator anaeróbio híbrido modificado - UAHBmod). Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, no Campus I da USP de São Carlos-SP foram construídos dois reatores experimentais de 18,8 m3 cada: um reator UASB, com função de controle, e um reator UAHB. Primeiramente os reatores foram operados por período de 200 dias, com tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de 6 h. Após serem inoculados, com 80 dias de operação, os reatores atingiram o estado de equilíbrio dinâmico aparente, com geração de alcalinidade, baixa concentração de ácidos voláteis e eficiência de remoção média de DQO, de 84% e 85% e de DBO de 87% e 91%, respectivamente para o UASB e o UAHB. Após esse período, os reatores foram submetidos a aumento da velocidade ascensional (Vasc) (mediante recirculação do efluente) de 0,78 m.h-1; 1,17 m.h-1; 1,56 m.h-1 e de 1,96 m.h-1. O UAHB mostrou ser menos susceptível ao aumento da Vasc do que o UASB. Além da análise da operação dos reatores, foram realizados os ensaios hidrodinâmicos e avaliada a estrutura da comunidade microbiana, por microscopia ótica, epifluorescência e pela técnica do DGGE. Após esse período preliminar, os reatores UAHB e UAHBmod, operados com TDH de 6h e Vasc de 0,78 m.h-1, atingiram o estado de equilíbrio dinâmico aparente, com geração de alcalinidade, baixa concentração de ácidos voláteis e eficiência de remoção média da matéria orgânica, de 71% e 76% em DQO, e de 72% e 87% em DBO, respectivamente para o UAHB e UAHBmod. Após este período, o reator UAHBmod, submetido a Vasc de 1,56 m.h-1, promoveu remoção de 74% de DQO, e de 87% de DBO.
This research refers to the use of a hybrid anaerobic reactor (UAHB) for domestic wastewater treatment. The configuration of this reactor is based on a sludge bed anaerobic reactor (UASB); in the first instance, a media support above the gas collection apparatus (also known as hybrid anaerobic reactor) was provided and later, a media support on the reaction zone (also known as hybrid modified anaerobic reactor - UAHBmod) was provided. Two reactors, with a volume of 18.8 m3, each, were built for this research at Campus I, USP in São Carlos - SP-Brazil. One UASB reactor acted as a control, and the other as a UAHB reactor. In the preliminary essays, the reactors were operated with 6h of hydraulic detention time (HDT) for 200 days. After inoculation, the reactors attained the apparent dynamic equilibrium state after 80 days of operation, with alkalinity generation, low volatile acids concentration and mean organic matter removal of 84% and 85% in terms of COD, and 87% and 91% in terms of BOD, for UASB and UAHB reactors, respectively. After this period, the reactors were submitted to an increasing in up velocity (Vup) of 0.78 m.h-1; 1.17 m.h-1; 1.56 m.h-1 and 1.96 m.h-1. The UAHB reactor showed lesser susceptibility for Vup increase than the UASB reactor. Hydrodynamic tests were also done on the reactors, in addition to routine operational analysis. The structure of the microbial community was evaluated by optical and epifluorescence microscopy, and the DGGE technique. After this step, the UAHB and the UAHBmod reactors were operated out 6h of HDT and Vup of 0.78 m.h-1. The reactors attained the apparent dynamic equilibrium state with alkalinity generation, low volatile acids concentration and mean organic matter removal of 71% and 76% in terms of COD, and 72% and 87% in terms of BOD for the UASB and UAHBmod reactors, respectively. After this period, the UAHBmod reactor was subjected to a Vup of 1.56 m.h-1 and achieved removal efficiencies of 74% COD and 87% BOD.
This research refers to the use of a hybrid anaerobic reactor (UAHB) for domestic wastewater treatment. The configuration of this reactor is based on a sludge bed anaerobic reactor (UASB); in the first instance, a media support above the gas collection apparatus (also known as hybrid anaerobic reactor) was provided and later, a media support on the reaction zone (also known as hybrid modified anaerobic reactor - UAHBmod) was provided. Two reactors, with a volume of 18.8 m3, each, were built for this research at Campus I, USP in São Carlos - SP-Brazil. One UASB reactor acted as a control, and the other as a UAHB reactor. In the preliminary essays, the reactors were operated with 6h of hydraulic detention time (HDT) for 200 days. After inoculation, the reactors attained the apparent dynamic equilibrium state after 80 days of operation, with alkalinity generation, low volatile acids concentration and mean organic matter removal of 84% and 85% in terms of COD, and 87% and 91% in terms of BOD, for UASB and UAHB reactors, respectively. After this period, the reactors were submitted to an increasing in up velocity (Vup) of 0.78 m.h-1; 1.17 m.h-1; 1.56 m.h-1 and 1.96 m.h-1. The UAHB reactor showed lesser susceptibility for Vup increase than the UASB reactor. Hydrodynamic tests were also done on the reactors, in addition to routine operational analysis. The structure of the microbial community was evaluated by optical and epifluorescence microscopy, and the DGGE technique. After this step, the UAHB and the UAHBmod reactors were operated out 6h of HDT and Vup of 0.78 m.h-1. The reactors attained the apparent dynamic equilibrium state with alkalinity generation, low volatile acids concentration and mean organic matter removal of 71% and 76% in terms of COD, and 72% and 87% in terms of BOD for the UASB and UAHBmod reactors, respectively. After this period, the UAHBmod reactor was subjected to a Vup of 1.56 m.h-1 and achieved removal efficiencies of 74% COD and 87% BOD.
Palavras-chave
DGGE, Tratamento de esgoto sanitário, Reator UASB, Reator híbrido, Leito móvel, Leito fixo, Hybrid reactor, Fixed bed, Domestic sewage treatment, Differential gradient gel electrophoresis, UASB reactor