Isolamento, morfologia, análises moleculares e testes toxicológicos de cianobactérias em lagoa facultativa de sistema de estabilização (Cajati-SP)
Data
2017-11-15
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
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Os sistemas de lagoas de estabilização constituem uma tecnologia de tratamento de esgoto atraente para pequenas e médias comunidades, principalmente devido ao baixo custo, simplicidade operacional e boa eficiência de remoção de poluentes orgânicos e patógenos. Entretanto, apresentam elevadas concentrações de algas, cianobactérias e outras bactérias em seus efluentes. Neste trabalho, três coletas foram realizas na lagoa facultativa no município de Cajati - São Paulo - Brasil em 16 de dezembro de 2004, 25 de janeiro e 13 de abril de 2005. A população de cianobactérias foi estimada usando as técnicas de Número Mais Provável (NMP) e isolamento em meio de cultura BG-11 com e sem nitrogênio. O NMP da população de Cajati na lagoa facultativa variou em torno de 2,3 x \'10 POT.2\' a 1,5 x \'10 POT.4\' células/mL. Um total de 10 linhagens, pertencentes a cinco gêneros de cianobactérias (Synechococcus, Merismopedia, Leptolyngbya, Limnothrix e Nostoc), foi isolado e identificado morfologicamente e por análises moleculares. A identificação morfológica das linhagens isoladas foi congruente com análises filogenéticas baseadas nas seqüências do gene RNAr 16S. A amostra ambiental coletada no dia 16 de dezembro de 2004 foi também analisada por meio da construção de uma mini-biblioteca do espaço intergênico (IGS) juntamente com suas regiões flanqueadoras dos genes cpcB e cpcA do operon da ficocianina. Somente três seqüências de cpcBA-IGS de boa qualidade foram obtidas dos 112 clones gerados, as quais apresentaram baixa similaridade com seqüências do GenBank. Testes foram realizados para avaliar microcistinas nas cianobactérias isoladas e nas amostras ambientais usando o método ELISA e a detecção do gene mcyA. Resultados acima de 0,1 µg/L de microcistinas foram obtidos em seis das dez linhagens isoladas e em duas amostras ambientais. Não foram observadas amplificações por PCR do gene mcyA em todas as linhagens e amostras ambientais analisadas. Testes de bioatividade para detectar a presença de substâncias bioativas foram conduzidos usando extratos intra e extracelulares de cianobactérias obtidos com diferentes solventes orgânicos. Alguns extratos mostraram atividades inibitórias contra Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus pasteuri e Staphylococcus aureus. O DNA genômico dos isolados foi analisado por PCR para seqüências similares ao domínio da cetosintase (KS) do tipo I do gene da policetídeo sintase, obtendo resultado positivo para as linhagens Leptolyngbya CENA 103, Nostoc CENA 105, Nostoc CENA 107, Synechococcus CENA 108, Limnothrix CENA 109, Limnothrix CENA 110, Limnothrix CENA 111 e Leptolyngbya CENA 112. Espectrometria de massa (Q-TOF) dos isolados de cianobactérias revelou espectros de cianopeptídeos putativos. Esses resultados mostraram que as cianobactérias de lagoas facultativas produzem uma variedade de metabólitos secundários bioativos de funções desconhecidas.
Stabilization ponds systems constitute a sewage treatment technology attractive to small and medium communities, mainly due to low cost, operational simplicity and good efficiency of removing organic pollutants and pathogens. However, high concentrations of algae, cyanobacteria and other bacteria are present in their effluent. In this work, three sampling were carried out at the facultative pond from Cajati city - São Paulo - Brazil in December 16, 2004, January 25 and April 13, 2005. The cyanobacterial population was estimated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) and isolation in BG-11 culture medium (with and without nitrogen) techniques. The MPN of the population from Cajati facultative pond varied from 2.3 x \'10 POT.2\' to 1.5 x \'10 POT.4\' cells/mL. A total of 10 strains, belonging to five cyanobacteria genera (Synechococcus, Merismopedia, Leptolyngbya, Limnothrix and Nostoc) was isolated and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. The morphological identification of the strains was congruent with their phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The environmental sample collected in December 16, 2004 was also analyzed through the construction of a mini-library of the intergenic spacer (IGS) together with its flanking regions of the cpcB and cpcA genes of the phycocyanin operon. Only three cpcBA-IGS sequences with good qualities were obtained from 112 clones, which showed low similarities with sequences from GenBank. Tests were carried out to evaluate microcystins in the cyanobacterial isolates and environmental samples, using ELISA assay and detection of mcyA gene. Results above of 0.1 µg/L of microcystin were obtained in six of the ten isolate strains and in two environmental samples. No PCR amplification of mcyA gene was observed in all strains and environmental samples analyzed. Bioactivity test to detect the presence of bioactive compounds were conducted using intra and extracellular cyanobacterial extracts obtained with different organic solvents. Some extracts showed inhibitory activities against Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus pasteuri and Staphylococcus aureus. The genomic DNA of isolates was analyzed by PCR for sequence similarities to the ketosynthase (KS) domain of type I polyketide synthase with positive results for Leptolyngbya CENA 103, Nostoc CENA 105, Nostoc CENA 107, Synechococcus CENA 108, Limnothrix CENA 109, Limnothrix CENA 110, Limnothrix CENA 111, and Leptolyngbya CENA 112. Mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) of the cyanobaterial isolates revealed spectra of putative cyanopeptides. These results showed that cyanobacteria of facultative pond produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites of unknown functions.
Stabilization ponds systems constitute a sewage treatment technology attractive to small and medium communities, mainly due to low cost, operational simplicity and good efficiency of removing organic pollutants and pathogens. However, high concentrations of algae, cyanobacteria and other bacteria are present in their effluent. In this work, three sampling were carried out at the facultative pond from Cajati city - São Paulo - Brazil in December 16, 2004, January 25 and April 13, 2005. The cyanobacterial population was estimated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) and isolation in BG-11 culture medium (with and without nitrogen) techniques. The MPN of the population from Cajati facultative pond varied from 2.3 x \'10 POT.2\' to 1.5 x \'10 POT.4\' cells/mL. A total of 10 strains, belonging to five cyanobacteria genera (Synechococcus, Merismopedia, Leptolyngbya, Limnothrix and Nostoc) was isolated and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. The morphological identification of the strains was congruent with their phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The environmental sample collected in December 16, 2004 was also analyzed through the construction of a mini-library of the intergenic spacer (IGS) together with its flanking regions of the cpcB and cpcA genes of the phycocyanin operon. Only three cpcBA-IGS sequences with good qualities were obtained from 112 clones, which showed low similarities with sequences from GenBank. Tests were carried out to evaluate microcystins in the cyanobacterial isolates and environmental samples, using ELISA assay and detection of mcyA gene. Results above of 0.1 µg/L of microcystin were obtained in six of the ten isolate strains and in two environmental samples. No PCR amplification of mcyA gene was observed in all strains and environmental samples analyzed. Bioactivity test to detect the presence of bioactive compounds were conducted using intra and extracellular cyanobacterial extracts obtained with different organic solvents. Some extracts showed inhibitory activities against Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus pasteuri and Staphylococcus aureus. The genomic DNA of isolates was analyzed by PCR for sequence similarities to the ketosynthase (KS) domain of type I polyketide synthase with positive results for Leptolyngbya CENA 103, Nostoc CENA 105, Nostoc CENA 107, Synechococcus CENA 108, Limnothrix CENA 109, Limnothrix CENA 110, Limnothrix CENA 111, and Leptolyngbya CENA 112. Mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) of the cyanobaterial isolates revealed spectra of putative cyanopeptides. These results showed that cyanobacteria of facultative pond produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites of unknown functions.
Palavras-chave
Cianobactérias, Peptídeos, Metabólitos secundários, Lagoas de estabilização, Cianotoxinas, Cyanotoxins, Cyanobacteria, Peptides, Secondary metabolites, Stabilization ponds