Avaliação de métodos dinâmicos baseados em nega e repique elástico: estudo de caso
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Em obras de fundações por estacas cravadas, os diferentes comprimentos finais das estacas refletem a variabilidade natural do terreno, e variam de acordo com o critério de paralização da cravação, normalmente baseado em medidas de nega e repique elástico. Pouco se tem aproveitado desses registros para o controle da resistência mobilizada na fundação ao final da cravação, devido à limitação da aplicação das fórmulas dinâmicas e ao desconhecimento de alguns parâmetros. Em muitos casos de controle de capacidade de carga, apenas é realizada a aferição de um fator de segurança pontual, obtido via prova de carga. Neste trabalho, é apresentado um procedimento de controle de capacidade de carga de fundações por estacas cravadas, baseado em registros de nega e repique elástico, a partir de fórmulas dinâmicas, que possibilitam a estimativa da resistência mobilizada ao final da cravação em todo o universo de estacas de uma obra. Este procedimento proposto foi aplicado em um estudo de caso de uma obra em um porto em Santa Catarina. Nesta obra foram cravadas 2506 estacas pré-moldadas de concreto, controladas por nega e repique elástico, registrados em todas as estacas no final da cravação. Neste conjunto de estacas foram executadas 74 provas de carga dinâmica, com energia crescente, e quatro provas de carga estática. Neste caso de obra controlada, os resultados mostraram que o procedimento adotado, baseado na utilização de fórmulas dinâmicas, com parâmetros calibrados a partir dos resultados das provas de carga dinâmica, permitiu estimar valores de resistência mobilizada ao final da cravação das 2506 estacas da obra, que apresentaram um valor médio próximo ao valor médio encontrado nas 74 estacas ensaiadas. Além disso, o coeficiente de variação dos valores de resistência mobilizada de todas as estacas da obra foi da ordem de 16,0%, similar ao coeficiente de variação de 14,7%, obtido nos resultados das provas de carga dinâmica.
The different final lengths of driven piles reflect the natural variability of the soil, and are dependent of the driving controls based in the measurements of the final set and elastic rebound. Normally these measurements are not used to predict the ultimate capacity of pile foundations, at the end of driving, due to the limitation of the dynamic formulas and the lack of some parameters. In many cases, the pile capacity control is based on a determination of a single safety factor, obtained from pile load tests. In this work, it is proposed a procedure to control the ultimate capacity of driven piles, based on the results of the final set and the elastic rebound, and dynamic formulas, which allow the estimation of the mobilized resistance at the end of driving of all piles driven in a particular project. This procedure was applied in a case study of a port in Santa Catarina. In this case, 2506 precast concrete piles were driven, and controlled by the elastic rebound, recorded at the end of driving. Also, dynamic load tests, with increasing energy, were performed on 74 piles, and static load tests were carried out on four piles. The results showed that this procedure adopted, based on the use of dynamic formulas calibrated using the results of dynamic load tests, is capable to estimate the values of mobilized resistance along all piles at the end of driving. The average result of the mobilized resistance of the 2506 piles was close to the average value found by the results of the 74 pile dynamic load tests. Also, the coefficient of variation of the mobilized resistance of all piles was around 16.0%, similar to the coefficient of variation of 14.7%, obtained by the dynamic load tests.
The different final lengths of driven piles reflect the natural variability of the soil, and are dependent of the driving controls based in the measurements of the final set and elastic rebound. Normally these measurements are not used to predict the ultimate capacity of pile foundations, at the end of driving, due to the limitation of the dynamic formulas and the lack of some parameters. In many cases, the pile capacity control is based on a determination of a single safety factor, obtained from pile load tests. In this work, it is proposed a procedure to control the ultimate capacity of driven piles, based on the results of the final set and the elastic rebound, and dynamic formulas, which allow the estimation of the mobilized resistance at the end of driving of all piles driven in a particular project. This procedure was applied in a case study of a port in Santa Catarina. In this case, 2506 precast concrete piles were driven, and controlled by the elastic rebound, recorded at the end of driving. Also, dynamic load tests, with increasing energy, were performed on 74 piles, and static load tests were carried out on four piles. The results showed that this procedure adopted, based on the use of dynamic formulas calibrated using the results of dynamic load tests, is capable to estimate the values of mobilized resistance along all piles at the end of driving. The average result of the mobilized resistance of the 2506 piles was close to the average value found by the results of the 74 pile dynamic load tests. Also, the coefficient of variation of the mobilized resistance of all piles was around 16.0%, similar to the coefficient of variation of 14.7%, obtained by the dynamic load tests.
Palavras-chave
ensaio de carregamento dinâmico, fórmulas dinâmicas, repique elástico, dynamic formula, dynamic load testing, pile elastic rebound