Deposição e exportação de sólidos e nutrientes na sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Cruzes, baixo Tietê (SP)
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
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Descrição
A qualidade ambiental de um corpo d\'água é resultado da situação de sua bacia de drenagem, de modo que as transformações que ocorrem no solo do entorno provocam mudanças significativas no ambiente aquático. Por isto, cada vez mais se trabalha com conceito de manejo integrado dos ambientes. Desta forma, o conhecimento dos processos de geração, transporte e deposição de sedimentos, por serem fontes de sólidos, nutrientes e contaminantes ao corpo d\'água, é de vital importância para a conservação, desenvolvimento e manejo integrado dos recursos hídricos. Neste sentido, essa dissertação apresenta um estudo a respeito da exportação e deposição de sólidos e nutrientes na sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Cruzes, no município de Santo Antônio do Aracanguá, SP, na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Baixo Tietê (UGRHI - 19). Esse corpo d\'água foi subdividido em compartimentos e analisado por transectos, ou seja, eixos transversais ao fluxo, sendo que experimentos envolvendo instalação de câmaras de sedimentação, coleta de sedimentos de fundo e medições de vazão foram conduzidos em dois períodos hidrológicos distintos: um em janeiro, durante a estação chuvosa, e outro em agosto, durante a estação seca. A taxa máxima de deposição de sólidos suspensos foi de 62,40 g/m² dia durante a Estação Chuvosa, e de 37,29 g/m² dia, durante a Estação seca. Ainda, a taxa média de deposição de nitrogênio total Kjeldahl foi de 0,53 e 2,02 g/m² dia e a de fósforo total foi de 139,67 e 103,89 mg/m² dia, durante as Estações Chuvosa e Seca, respectivamente. Quanto às taxas de exportação, para sólidos suspensos foram observadas médias de 2328,44 e 725,96 ton/dia, de nitrogênio total Kjeldahl foram de 121,41 e 299,84 ton/dia e para fósforo total foram de 14,86 e 10,05 ton/dia, durante as Estações Chuvosa e Seca, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos, comparados a outros estudos em ambientes similares, revelam altas taxas de deposição e exportação de sólidos e nutrientes, demonstrando, desta forma, a incidência dos processos de eutrofização e assoreamento do recurso hídrico, bem como a expressão dos impactos provenientes do uso e ocupação do solo do entorno, capaz de influenciar na qualidade da água do ambiente.
The environmental quality of waterbody is the result of the situation of its drainage basin, so that the transformations that occur on the soils surrounding cause significant changes in the aquatic environment. Therefore, each time more has been increasing the works with the concept of integrated management of environments. Thus, the knowledge about the processes of generation, transport and deposition of sediments, because they are sources of solids, nutrients and contaminants to waterbody, is extremely important for the conservation, development and integrated management of water resources. In this way, this dissertation presents a study concerning the deposition and export of solids and nutrients in the Ribeirão das Cruzes sub-basin, in Santo Antônio do Aracanguá city, SP, in Baixo Tietê Water Resources Management Unit (WRMU - 19). This waterbody was divided into compartments and analyzed by transects, which are transverse axes to the flow, and experiments involving installation of sedimentation traps, collect of bottom sediments and flow measurements were carried out in two distinct hydrological periods: one in January during the rainy season, and another in August, during the dry season. The maximum suspended solids deposition rate were 62.40 g/m² day during the rainy season, and 37.29 g/m² day during the dry season. So, the average rate of nitrogen deposition were 0.53 and 2.02 g/m² day, and the rate of phosphorus were 139.67 and 103.89 mg/m² day, during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. As for exportation rates, the average rates found of suspended solids were 725.96 and 2328.44 ton/day, the rates of nitrogen were 121.41 and 299.84 ton/day, the rates of phosphorus were 14.86 and 10.05 ton/day, during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The results obtained, when compared to other studies in similar environments, show high rates of solids and nutrients deposition and export, demonstrating, this way, the incidence of eutrophication processes and siltation of the water resources, as well as the expression of impacts from the landuse, able to influence the water quality.
The environmental quality of waterbody is the result of the situation of its drainage basin, so that the transformations that occur on the soils surrounding cause significant changes in the aquatic environment. Therefore, each time more has been increasing the works with the concept of integrated management of environments. Thus, the knowledge about the processes of generation, transport and deposition of sediments, because they are sources of solids, nutrients and contaminants to waterbody, is extremely important for the conservation, development and integrated management of water resources. In this way, this dissertation presents a study concerning the deposition and export of solids and nutrients in the Ribeirão das Cruzes sub-basin, in Santo Antônio do Aracanguá city, SP, in Baixo Tietê Water Resources Management Unit (WRMU - 19). This waterbody was divided into compartments and analyzed by transects, which are transverse axes to the flow, and experiments involving installation of sedimentation traps, collect of bottom sediments and flow measurements were carried out in two distinct hydrological periods: one in January during the rainy season, and another in August, during the dry season. The maximum suspended solids deposition rate were 62.40 g/m² day during the rainy season, and 37.29 g/m² day during the dry season. So, the average rate of nitrogen deposition were 0.53 and 2.02 g/m² day, and the rate of phosphorus were 139.67 and 103.89 mg/m² day, during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. As for exportation rates, the average rates found of suspended solids were 725.96 and 2328.44 ton/day, the rates of nitrogen were 121.41 and 299.84 ton/day, the rates of phosphorus were 14.86 and 10.05 ton/day, during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The results obtained, when compared to other studies in similar environments, show high rates of solids and nutrients deposition and export, demonstrating, this way, the incidence of eutrophication processes and siltation of the water resources, as well as the expression of impacts from the landuse, able to influence the water quality.
Palavras-chave
Assoreamento, Taxas de sedimentação, Eutrofização, Deposição de nutrientes, Baixo Tietê (SP), Baixo Tietê (SP), Nutrient deposition, Sedimentation rates, Siltation, Eutrophication