Proposta e avaliação de desempenho de um algoritmo de balanceamento de carga para ambientes distribuídos heterogêneos escaláveis
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Algoritmos de balanceamento de carga são utilizados em sistemas distribuídos para homogeneizar a ocupação dos recursos computacionais disponíveis. A homogeneidade na ocupação do ambiente permite otimizar a alocação de recursos e, conseqüentemente, aumentar o desempenho das aplicações. Com o advento dos sistemas distribuídos de alta escala, fazem-se necessárias pesquisas para a construção de algoritmos de balanceamento de carga que sejam capazes de gerir com eficiência esses sistemas. Essa eficiência é medida através do número de mensagens geradas no ambiente, do suporte a ambientes heterogêneos, do uso de políticas que consomem poucos recursos do sistema, da estabilidade em alta carga, da escalabilidade do sistema e dos baixos tempos de resposta. Com o objetivo de atender as necessidades dos sistemas distribuídos de alta escala, este doutorado propõe, apresenta e avalia um novo algoritmo de balanceamento de carga denominado TLBA (Tree Load Balancing Algorithm). Esse algoritmo organiza os computadores do sistema em uma topologia lógica na forma de árvore, sobre a qual são executadas operações de balanceamento de carga. Para validar o TLBA foi construído um simulador que, submetido a testes, permitiu comprovar suas contribuições, que incluem: o baixo número de mensagens geradas pelas operações de balanceamento de carga; a estabilidade em altas cargas; os baixos tempos médios de resposta de processos. Para validar os resultados de simulação, foi construído um protótipo do TLBA. Esse protótipo confirmou os resultados de simulação e, conseqüentemente, as contribuições do algoritmo.
Load balancing algorithms are applied in distributed systems to homogenize the occupation of the available computational resources. The homogeneity of the environment occupation allows optimising the resource allocation and consequently, increasing the application performance. With the advent of the large-scale distributed systems, it was necessary to start researching the construction of load balancing algorithms which are able to manage these systems with efficiency. This efficiency is measured through the number of messages generated on the environment; the support to heterogeneous environments and the load balance policies which should spend the minimal resources time; the stability in overloaded situations; the system scalability; and the processes average response times, that should be small. With the aim to achieve the large-scale distributed systems requirements, this Ph.D. proposes, presents and evaluates a new load balancing algorithm named TLBA (Tree Load Balancing Algorithm). This algorithm arranges the computers on a logical network topology with a tree format. The load balancing operations are executed over this tree. To evaluate the TLBA algorithm, a simulator was built that was submitted to tests that confirmed the following characteristics: the small number of messages generated by the load balancing operations; the stability in overloaded situations; the small average processes response times. To validate the simulation results a TLBA prototype was implemented. This prototype confirmed the simulation results and consequently the contributions of the proposed algorithm.
Load balancing algorithms are applied in distributed systems to homogenize the occupation of the available computational resources. The homogeneity of the environment occupation allows optimising the resource allocation and consequently, increasing the application performance. With the advent of the large-scale distributed systems, it was necessary to start researching the construction of load balancing algorithms which are able to manage these systems with efficiency. This efficiency is measured through the number of messages generated on the environment; the support to heterogeneous environments and the load balance policies which should spend the minimal resources time; the stability in overloaded situations; the system scalability; and the processes average response times, that should be small. With the aim to achieve the large-scale distributed systems requirements, this Ph.D. proposes, presents and evaluates a new load balancing algorithm named TLBA (Tree Load Balancing Algorithm). This algorithm arranges the computers on a logical network topology with a tree format. The load balancing operations are executed over this tree. To evaluate the TLBA algorithm, a simulator was built that was submitted to tests that confirmed the following characteristics: the small number of messages generated by the load balancing operations; the stability in overloaded situations; the small average processes response times. To validate the simulation results a TLBA prototype was implemented. This prototype confirmed the simulation results and consequently the contributions of the proposed algorithm.
Palavras-chave
Alto desempenho, Balanceamento de carga, Computação paralela e distribuída, High performance, Load balancing, Parallel and distributed computing