Avaliação biossocioeconômica das pescarias artesanais da represa de Barra Bonita (SP)
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
As pescarias artesanais ou de pequena escala são aquelas praticadas em embarcações de pequeno porte, com área de atuação restrita, cuja mão de obra é principalmente familiar. São comuns em águas continentais e o pescado capturado constitui importante fonte de proteína para as populações que delas dependem, além de garantir rendimentos econômicos ao pescador, apesar da presença de intermediários na comercialização do pescado. Os recursos pesqueiros da represa de Barra Bonita (SP) têm sustentado economicamente os pescadores do município e de outras regiões e considerou-se a hipótese de que a represa, por possuir características tróficas de qualidade de água intermediárias em relação à represa Billings (à montante) e ao Complexo de Urubupungá (à jusante), possui também produção pesqueira e lucratividade intermediárias. Os aspectos sociais, o cálculo de produção, esforço e renda foram determinados a partir da aplicação de questionários junto aos pescadores entre 2007 e 2008. As pescarias eram praticadas principalmente por homens jovens (entre 30 e 39 anos) que possuíam baixa escolaridade. A presença do intermediário se deu em várias dimensões: ora como fornecedor de alimentos, ora de insumos e também de petrechos, já que muitos dos pescadores não faziam distinção entre a figura do intermediário e do patrão. Além disso, houve menção à estreita dependência em relação também à moradia e à provisão de alimentos, atrelando fortemente a produção do pescador ao intermediário. A principal espécie capturada foi a tilápia e o modelo da ANCOVA indicou que a produção pesqueira dependeu das características fisiográficas e das oscilações provocadas pela sazonalidade. Houve diferença no volume de pescado capturado apenas entre as estações seca e cheia no braço do rio Piracicaba, com as capturas mais elevadas na época chuvosa. Os estudos sobre os custos das pescarias indicaram que o principal componente é o combustível, apesar da pequena distância percorrida para suas pescarias. Os lucros são provenientes das capturas de tilápias, que embora não tenha alto valor comercial, assegura os rendimentos dos pescadores devido à sua a constância nas capturas. O modelo de ANCOVA mostrou que os lucros dependeram apenas do grau de instrução dos pescadores. Os pescadores indicaram o declínio do estoque pesqueiro e acreditavam que, se houvesse fiscalização eficiente, as pescarias predatórias (com petrechos fora dos padrões permitidos por lei) poderiam ser coibidas. Eles evidenciaram as condições a que foram relegados e seu desejo de evitar a marginalização da categoria. As políticas de manejo, em especial o co-manejo, deveriam assim considerar também este fator, tendo no pescador seu aliado para a manutenção da atividade e do meio ambiente.
The artisanal or small scale fisheries are practiced in small reservoirs, with an operation area restricted and familiar labor. It´s common in inland waters and the fish caught is an important source of protein for people who depend on them and provide economic returns to the fisher, despite the presence of intermediaries in the marketing of fish. The Barra Bonita reservoir (SP) have supported the fishers from other regions and we considered the hypothesis that Barra Bonita reservoir, because its trophic characteristics of water, intermediary in relation to the Billings (upstream) and the Complexo de Urubupung (downstream), also has fisheries production and profitability intermediate. The social aspects, the yields, effort and income were derived from the application of questionnaires between 2007 and 2008. The analysis indicated that the fisheries were practices mostly by young men (between 30 and 39 years) who had little schooling. The presence of an intermediary was in several dimensions: sometimes he was the provider of food, sometimes supplies and also fishery equipments, and many fishers didn´t made distinction between the figure of the intermediary and the employer. Furthermore, there was mention of the close dependence on the dwelling and also the provision of food, sticking strongly to the production of intermediate. The principal specie was tilapia and the ANCOVA model indicated that fish production depended on physiographic characteristics and fluctuations caused by seasonality. There were differences in the yields only during the dry season in the Piracicaba river, with higher catches during the rainy season. Studies on the fisheries´ costs indicated that the main component is the fuel, despite the short distance to their fisheries. Profits are derived from the tilapia´s yields, which no commercial value; ensure the income of fishers due to its constancy in the catch. The ANCOVA model showed that profits depend on the education level of fishers. Fishers indicated the decline of fish stocks and believed that if there was effective supervision, predatory fisheries could be curbed. Fishers showed the conditions to which they were relegated and his desire to avoid marginalization of the category. The management policies, especially the co-management, should therefore also consider this factor and its ally the fisher to maintain the activity and the environment.
The artisanal or small scale fisheries are practiced in small reservoirs, with an operation area restricted and familiar labor. It´s common in inland waters and the fish caught is an important source of protein for people who depend on them and provide economic returns to the fisher, despite the presence of intermediaries in the marketing of fish. The Barra Bonita reservoir (SP) have supported the fishers from other regions and we considered the hypothesis that Barra Bonita reservoir, because its trophic characteristics of water, intermediary in relation to the Billings (upstream) and the Complexo de Urubupung (downstream), also has fisheries production and profitability intermediate. The social aspects, the yields, effort and income were derived from the application of questionnaires between 2007 and 2008. The analysis indicated that the fisheries were practices mostly by young men (between 30 and 39 years) who had little schooling. The presence of an intermediary was in several dimensions: sometimes he was the provider of food, sometimes supplies and also fishery equipments, and many fishers didn´t made distinction between the figure of the intermediary and the employer. Furthermore, there was mention of the close dependence on the dwelling and also the provision of food, sticking strongly to the production of intermediate. The principal specie was tilapia and the ANCOVA model indicated that fish production depended on physiographic characteristics and fluctuations caused by seasonality. There were differences in the yields only during the dry season in the Piracicaba river, with higher catches during the rainy season. Studies on the fisheries´ costs indicated that the main component is the fuel, despite the short distance to their fisheries. Profits are derived from the tilapia´s yields, which no commercial value; ensure the income of fishers due to its constancy in the catch. The ANCOVA model showed that profits depend on the education level of fishers. Fishers indicated the decline of fish stocks and believed that if there was effective supervision, predatory fisheries could be curbed. Fishers showed the conditions to which they were relegated and his desire to avoid marginalization of the category. The management policies, especially the co-management, should therefore also consider this factor and its ally the fisher to maintain the activity and the environment.
Palavras-chave
Análise econômica, Peixes, Pesca, Biossocioeconomia, ANCOVA, Bio socio economics, Fishery, Fishes, ANCOVA, Economic analysis