Arquiteturas para monitoramento e supervisão integrados de processos de usinagem em máquinas com controle numérico aberto
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Empreendimentos industriais requerem o completo e preciso acompanhamento de dados de máquinas em tempo real, integrando as atividades do chão de fábrica com a engenharia, suporte e de negócios. É reconhecido que sistemas de monitoramento são fundamentais para melhorar a qualidade do produto, reduzir os tempos e para a adaptação rápida às mudanças de produção. Os sensores de processos possuem altos custos, não são compactos e são de difícil implementação. Portanto, seria estratégico desenvolver sistemas de monitoramento que utilizem ao máximo os recursos já existentes nas máquinas ferramentas e que não representem custos adicionais de implementação. O uso de CNC´s de arquitetura aberta nas indústrias é crescente. Estes se mostram como potenciais ferramentas para atender a estas exigências. Possuem os recursos necessários para a aquisição de informações administrativas e tecnológicas e para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de monitoramento. O objetivo do presente trabalho é pesquisar arquiteturas de monitoramento e supervisão para processos de usinagem que tenham como base informações disponíveis em CNC´s de arquitetura aberta. Tais sistemas, apesar de todo o potencial existente, ainda não tem sido explorados nem desenvolvidos adequadamente para os processos de usinagem. O presente trabalho é multidisciplinar nas áreas de automação e usinagem. Está dividido em partes em que são analisados tanto os elementos tecnológicos dos CNC´s abertos, bem como os processos de monitoramento e supervisão da usinagem. São apresentadas propostas no sentido de integrar as duas áreas pelo desenvolvimento de arquiteturas de software dedicadas. Os sistemas desenvolvidos foram testados em laboratório e também nas empresas parceiras. Os resultados mostram que o uso de CNC´s abertos para monitoramento e supervisão de processos é viável e proporciona funções de monitoramento/supervisão que não eram possíveis com os sistemas convencionais e sem a necessidade de recursos adicionais, como hardware, sensores e instalação. A implementação de protótipo em empresa parceira foi bem sucedida e deverá ser expandida no futuro.
Manufacturing enterprises require complete real time and accurate monitoring of machine tool data for integrating the shop floor with other company activities, as engineering, maintenance and business. It is acknowledged that monitoring systems capabilities are unavoidable to improve product quality, to reduce production time, and to the rapid adaptation in the changes of production. The use of external sensors gives high costs and do not have the advantages of compactness and the ease of use. Therefore, it is extremely advantageous to develop monitoring systems maximizing the use of the resources already existent in the machine tools and without additional costs of implementation. The use of open CNC\'s on industries is growing. This kind of control has been a great tool to attend these present requirements. It has the necessary resource to get managerial and technological information, and to develop monitoring systems. The objective of this work is to research monitoring and supervision architectures for machining process, based on information already available in open CNC\'s. Such systems, in spite of the whole existent potential, have not still been explored nor developed appropriately for the machining processes. The present work is multidisciplinary in the automation and machining areas. It is divided in parts where the technological elements of open CNC\'s are analyzed, as well as the monitoring and supervision systems of the machining processes. An architecture is proposed in the sense of integrating both monitoring and supervision. The developed systems were tested in laboratory and also in the partner companies. The results show that the use of open CNC\'s for monitoring and supervision of processes is viable and provides monitoring/ supervision functions which were not possible with the conventional systems and without the need of additional resources, as hardware and sensor installation. The prototype tested in a partner company succeeded and should be expanded in the future.
Manufacturing enterprises require complete real time and accurate monitoring of machine tool data for integrating the shop floor with other company activities, as engineering, maintenance and business. It is acknowledged that monitoring systems capabilities are unavoidable to improve product quality, to reduce production time, and to the rapid adaptation in the changes of production. The use of external sensors gives high costs and do not have the advantages of compactness and the ease of use. Therefore, it is extremely advantageous to develop monitoring systems maximizing the use of the resources already existent in the machine tools and without additional costs of implementation. The use of open CNC\'s on industries is growing. This kind of control has been a great tool to attend these present requirements. It has the necessary resource to get managerial and technological information, and to develop monitoring systems. The objective of this work is to research monitoring and supervision architectures for machining process, based on information already available in open CNC\'s. Such systems, in spite of the whole existent potential, have not still been explored nor developed appropriately for the machining processes. The present work is multidisciplinary in the automation and machining areas. It is divided in parts where the technological elements of open CNC\'s are analyzed, as well as the monitoring and supervision systems of the machining processes. An architecture is proposed in the sense of integrating both monitoring and supervision. The developed systems were tested in laboratory and also in the partner companies. The results show that the use of open CNC\'s for monitoring and supervision of processes is viable and provides monitoring/ supervision functions which were not possible with the conventional systems and without the need of additional resources, as hardware and sensor installation. The prototype tested in a partner company succeeded and should be expanded in the future.
Palavras-chave
CNC de arquitetura aberta, Monitoramento, Supervisão, Usinagem, Machining, Monitoring system, Open CNC, Supervisory system