Diagnóstico dos resíduos poliméricos presentes nos resíduos sólidos domiciliares gerados em São Carlos, SP
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
O consumo sempre crescente de produtos juntamente com a falta de incentivo à redução, reutilização e reciclagem, e à escassez de área para disposição dos rejeitos propiciam o aumento descontrolado de resíduos sólidos presentes no meio ambiente. Os resíduos poliméricos, pós-consumo - embalagens plásticas se destacam nos resíduos sólidos domiciliares (RSD), por apresentarem crescimento de participação no lixo urbano e possuírem características como: degradação lenta e volumetria elevada, o que compromete a vida útil dos aterros sanitários, e, ainda, terem potencial econômico para reutilização e reciclagem. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma caracterização física, mássica e volumétrica, dos resíduos poliméricos, no município de São Carlos, SP, complementado por estudo dos grupos de polímeros termoplásticos. O método adotado para caracterização física foi por amostragem, na coleta convencional, e pela massa total coletada, na coleta seletiva. Na coleta convencional, o número de amostragem compreendeu todos os setores, sendo a massa da amostra obtida por quarteamento. Foi feita uma caracterização no inverno e outra no verão. Destacam-se, nos resultados, o percentual de resíduos poliméricos, em massa, de 10,47%, composto por PET (35,96%), PEAD (26,42%), PP (16,25%), PS (7,96%), Outros (7,85%), PVC (3,76%), PEBD (1,79%), na coleta convencional, e na coleta seletiva, de 20,60%, composto por PET (50,64%), PEAD (24,03%), PP (13,76%), PS (6,96%), Outros (1,79%), PEBD (1,70%), PVC (1,12%). Os índices percentuais volumétricos foram de 27,20%, na coleta convencional e de 56,56% na coleta seletiva. Observou-se que o percentual de resíduos poliméricos destinados ao aterro sanitário ainda é elevado, considerando a existência de coleta seletiva, e que a resina de PET teve o maior índice de participação, superando o PEAD, tradicionalmente a de maior descarte nos resíduos sólidos domiciliares
The on going growing consumption of products, together with lack of incentive to the reduction, re-useage, recycling, and the area shortage for dispose the waste, generates an uncontrolled increase of solid waste found on the environment. The polymeric residues, post-consumption - plastic packing - stand out in home solid waste (RSD), due to the fact that they present participation growth in the urban waste. They present the following characteristics: slow degradation and high volume, what compromises the sanitary landfill life cycle, and can also have economical potential in order to be re-used and recycling. This work aims to accomplish a physical, mass and volumetric characterization of the polymeric residues, in municipality São Carlos, SP, complemented by groups of polymeric termoplastic study. Sampling was the method adopted for physical characterization in conventional collection, and total mass collected in the selective collection. In conventional collection, the number of sampling involved all the sectors, being the sample mass obtained by quarters method. One characterization was done in the winter and another in the summer. In the results, it was observed the percentage of polymeric residues, in mass, of 10,47%, composed by PET (35,96%), PEAD (26,42%), PP (16,25%), PS (7,96%), Other (7,85%), PVC (3,76%), PEBD (1,79%), in conventional collection, and 20,60%, in selective collection, composed by PET (50,64%), PEAD (24,03%), PP (13,76%), PS (6,96%), Other (1,79%), PEBD (1,70%), PVC (1,12%). The volumetric percentage indexes were of 27,20%, in conventional collection and of 56,56% in selective collection. It was noticed that the percentage of polymeric residues set aside for the sanitary landfill was still high, considering the existence of selective collection and that the resin of PET had the largest participation index, overcoming PEAD, traditionally the largest discard in home solid residues
The on going growing consumption of products, together with lack of incentive to the reduction, re-useage, recycling, and the area shortage for dispose the waste, generates an uncontrolled increase of solid waste found on the environment. The polymeric residues, post-consumption - plastic packing - stand out in home solid waste (RSD), due to the fact that they present participation growth in the urban waste. They present the following characteristics: slow degradation and high volume, what compromises the sanitary landfill life cycle, and can also have economical potential in order to be re-used and recycling. This work aims to accomplish a physical, mass and volumetric characterization of the polymeric residues, in municipality São Carlos, SP, complemented by groups of polymeric termoplastic study. Sampling was the method adopted for physical characterization in conventional collection, and total mass collected in the selective collection. In conventional collection, the number of sampling involved all the sectors, being the sample mass obtained by quarters method. One characterization was done in the winter and another in the summer. In the results, it was observed the percentage of polymeric residues, in mass, of 10,47%, composed by PET (35,96%), PEAD (26,42%), PP (16,25%), PS (7,96%), Other (7,85%), PVC (3,76%), PEBD (1,79%), in conventional collection, and 20,60%, in selective collection, composed by PET (50,64%), PEAD (24,03%), PP (13,76%), PS (6,96%), Other (1,79%), PEBD (1,70%), PVC (1,12%). The volumetric percentage indexes were of 27,20%, in conventional collection and of 56,56% in selective collection. It was noticed that the percentage of polymeric residues set aside for the sanitary landfill was still high, considering the existence of selective collection and that the resin of PET had the largest participation index, overcoming PEAD, traditionally the largest discard in home solid residues
Palavras-chave
3Rs, polímeros, resíduos plásticos, resíduos poliméricos pós-consumo, 3Rs, plastic residues, polymeric, polymeric post-consumption residues