O estabelecimento de objetivos e indicadores de sustentabilidade para avaliação ambiental estratégica aplicada a planos de desenvolvimento urbano
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Nas últimas décadas do século XX as ações relacionadas a compatibilização das ações humanas com a qualidade do meio urbano passaram a fazer parte de agendas políticas e tratados internacionais. No Brasil, este processo se concretizou - no plano institucional - por meio do estabelecimento do Estatuto da Cidade e seus instrumentos de política urbana. Contudo, após mais de uma década de sua implementação ainda é notória a continuidade de um modelo de planejamento e gestão urbanos que nega a existência dos conflitos socioambientais inerentes ao processo de urbanização e, por sua vez, negligencia o desenvolvimento de ações de enfrentamento de seus problemas. No quadro internacional destaca-se a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE), que tem como foco a avaliação dos potenciais efeitos ambientais decorrentes de ações estratégicas no âmbito de políticas, planos e programas de desenvolvimento, e que permite a identificação de alternativas para o desenvolvimento urbano e a incorporação de objetivos ambientais e de sustentabilidade junto aos objetivos inicialmente estabelecidos. A literatura profissional da AAE destaca que o sucesso do instrumento é decorrente do foco estabelecido por seus Objetivos e Indicadores, elementos substanciais para a sua aplicação. Sendo assim, considera-se relevante indagar sobre quais aproximações metodológicas seriam necessárias para assegurar a aplicabilidade da AAE ao planejamento urbano brasileiro por meio dos Planos Diretores. A partir desta perspectiva, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral apresentar e discutir procedimentos e aspectos metodológicos que envolvem a definição de objetivos e indicadores a serem empregados em uma AAE voltada ao planejamento do desenvolvimento urbano no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos, orientados para o caso do município de São Carlos (SP), permitem visualizar o potencial de integração da AAE para promoção da sustentabilidade na elaboração de Planos Diretores no contexto brasileiro.
In the last decades of the twentieth century the actions related to compliance of human actions with the quality of the urban environment became part of political agendas and international treaties. In Brazil, this process materialized - at institutional level - through the establishment of the City Statute and its instruments of urban policy. However, after more than one decade of its implementation is still noticeable continuity of a model of urban planning and management that denies the existence of environmental conflicts inherent in the process of urbanization and, in turn, overlooks the development of actions to confront their problems. On the international front there is the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which focuses on the assessment of potential environmental effects arising from strategic actions in development policies, plans and programs, and allows the identification of alternatives for urban development and the incorporation of environmental objectives and sustainability with the development goals initially set. The professional literature in the SEA emphasizes that the success of the instrument is due to the focus established by its Objectives and Indicators, substantial elements for your application. Hence it is relevant to inquire about which methodological approaches were needed to ensure the applicability of SEA to the Brazilian urban planning through the Master Plans. From this perspective, this research has the overall objective to present and discuss procedures and methodological aspects involved in setting objectives and indicators to be used in an SEA focused on urban development planning in the Brazilian context. The results, oriented to the case of São Carlos (SP), let you see the potential for integration of SEA to promote sustainability in the development of Master Plans in the Brazilian context.
In the last decades of the twentieth century the actions related to compliance of human actions with the quality of the urban environment became part of political agendas and international treaties. In Brazil, this process materialized - at institutional level - through the establishment of the City Statute and its instruments of urban policy. However, after more than one decade of its implementation is still noticeable continuity of a model of urban planning and management that denies the existence of environmental conflicts inherent in the process of urbanization and, in turn, overlooks the development of actions to confront their problems. On the international front there is the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which focuses on the assessment of potential environmental effects arising from strategic actions in development policies, plans and programs, and allows the identification of alternatives for urban development and the incorporation of environmental objectives and sustainability with the development goals initially set. The professional literature in the SEA emphasizes that the success of the instrument is due to the focus established by its Objectives and Indicators, substantial elements for your application. Hence it is relevant to inquire about which methodological approaches were needed to ensure the applicability of SEA to the Brazilian urban planning through the Master Plans. From this perspective, this research has the overall objective to present and discuss procedures and methodological aspects involved in setting objectives and indicators to be used in an SEA focused on urban development planning in the Brazilian context. The results, oriented to the case of São Carlos (SP), let you see the potential for integration of SEA to promote sustainability in the development of Master Plans in the Brazilian context.
Palavras-chave
Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica, Indicadores, Objetivos de AAE, Planos diretores, Indicators, Master plans, SEA objectives, Strategic environmental