"Avaliação do material suporte no desempenho de reator anaeróbio operado em bateladas seqüencias aplicado ao tratamento de esgoto sanitário"
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
O projeto proposto teve como objetivo principal à avaliação do suporte no desempenho do reator anaeróbio operado em bateladas seqüenciais, com agitação, contendo biomassa imobilizada no tratamento de esgoto sanitário do Campus da USP em São Carlos. O estudo do desempenho global deste tipo de configuração de reator é extremamente vinculado com o suporte inerte o qual proporciona a aderência e crescimento da biomassa. Neste trabalho foram estudados três suportes inertes: espuma de poliuretano, carvão vegetal e polietileno de baixa densidade reciclado. A avaliação global foi realizada sob análise de três diferentes e dependentes variáveis locais: o desempenho do reator, a análise cinética e os exames microbiológicos. A espuma de poliuretano pôde ser considerada como sendo o material mais adequado para tal finalidade, apresentando maiores eficiências de redução da DQO de amostras brutas e filtradas de 61% e 71%, respectivamente, o melhor coeficiente cinético aparente de primeira ordem (k1T): 0,52 ± 0,04 h-1, e uma biomassa predominantemente caracterizada por arqueas metanogênicas e bactérias fototróficas. O carvão vegetal apresentou resultados intermediários, no entanto não satisfatórios, na redução de DQO e ainda uma biomassa não compatível com a esperada para um tratamento anaeróbio biológico. Ou seja, pode-se inferir que neste tipo de suporte houve seleção de biomassa inadequada para se tratar esgoto sanitário. Por fim, o polietileno apresentou os resultados menos expressivos, porém, dada sua caracterização microbiológica constatou-se ser um suporte com potencial para o tratamento de esgoto sanitário quando nele for aplicado um tratamento prévio, objetivando melhores características físico-químicos, como rugosidade, por exemplo.
The main objective of this study was the evaluation of bed materials on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor, with agitation, treating sewage wastewater of the Campus of University of São Paulo in São Carlos. The study of the global performance of this reactor configuration is extremely linked with the bed material which provides adhesive and growing conditions. In this work three different bed materials were investigated : polyurethane foam, vegetal carbon and recycled low-density polyethylene. The global evaluation was performed under analysis of three different and dependant local variables: the reactor performance, kinetic analyses and microbial exams. The polyurethane foam was considered the most suitable material. Using the polyurethane foam as a bed material were obtained the highest COD removal efficiencies, 61% and 71% corresponding to total and filtered samples, respectively. In Addition, the polyurethane foam showed the best modified first-order kinetic model (k1T) of 0,52 ± 0,04 h-1, and a biomass predominately characterized by microorganisms resembling to methanogenic archea and phototrophic bacteria . The vegetal carbon showed intermediate results, which were not satisfactory enough, in the COD removal. Also, the vegetal carbon showed an incompatible biomass in accordance with the expected anaerobic biomass. In others words, it can be inferred that, using this type of material, there was a selective biomass process in which an inappropriate biomass was selected. Finally, the recycled low-density polyethylene showed the less expressive results. However, because of its microbial characterization, it can be concluded that the polyethylene material has potential to be applied as a bed material in the sewage wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, a previous treatment physics-chemical must be applied in this kind of bed material to improve the physics-chemical properties such as porosity and surface area.
The main objective of this study was the evaluation of bed materials on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor, with agitation, treating sewage wastewater of the Campus of University of São Paulo in São Carlos. The study of the global performance of this reactor configuration is extremely linked with the bed material which provides adhesive and growing conditions. In this work three different bed materials were investigated : polyurethane foam, vegetal carbon and recycled low-density polyethylene. The global evaluation was performed under analysis of three different and dependant local variables: the reactor performance, kinetic analyses and microbial exams. The polyurethane foam was considered the most suitable material. Using the polyurethane foam as a bed material were obtained the highest COD removal efficiencies, 61% and 71% corresponding to total and filtered samples, respectively. In Addition, the polyurethane foam showed the best modified first-order kinetic model (k1T) of 0,52 ± 0,04 h-1, and a biomass predominately characterized by microorganisms resembling to methanogenic archea and phototrophic bacteria . The vegetal carbon showed intermediate results, which were not satisfactory enough, in the COD removal. Also, the vegetal carbon showed an incompatible biomass in accordance with the expected anaerobic biomass. In others words, it can be inferred that, using this type of material, there was a selective biomass process in which an inappropriate biomass was selected. Finally, the recycled low-density polyethylene showed the less expressive results. However, because of its microbial characterization, it can be concluded that the polyethylene material has potential to be applied as a bed material in the sewage wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, a previous treatment physics-chemical must be applied in this kind of bed material to improve the physics-chemical properties such as porosity and surface area.
Palavras-chave
bateladas sequenciais, biomassa imobilizada, suporte inerte, esgoto sanitario, reatores anaerobios, anaerobic reactor, sequencing batch, immobilized biomass, domestic sewage, support materials