Avaliação experimental da influência do avanço do umedecimento no comportamento de muros de solos finos reforçados com geotêxteis não tecidos
Data
2017-11-15
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
O presente trabalho consiste na avaliação experimental da influência do avanço da frente de umedecimento no comportamento de protótipos de muros de um solo fino reforçado com geotêxteis não tecidos. O desempenho dos protótipos foi analisado nas condições de eventos de chuvas de intensidade e duração variáveis, bem como na condição de precipitação intermitente com intensidade próxima e inferior à condutividade hidráulica do solo. Para efeito comparativo, avaliou-se o comportamento de um protótipo na condição de umidade de compactação constante. Durante a infiltração, observou-se a formação de barreira capilar sobre o geotêxtil e a eficiência de drenagem proporcionada pelos reforços, não permitindo o desenvolvimento de pressões da água positivas mesmo sob a condição de carregamento rápido. Após quebra da barreira, os valores de grau de saturação mantiveram-se em torno de 90% e as pressões da água ficaram próximas de zero ou negativas. Com relação ao comportamento dos protótipos, evidências mostraram que a formação de barreiras capilares nas interfaces solo-geotêxteis não influenciou negativamente no desempenho dos protótipos. Diante do umedecimento, as deformações e deslocamentos máximos aumentaram exponencialmente com o grau de saturação do solo. Ainda, estes parâmetros relacionaram-se com a sucção matricial de forma semelhante à tendência estabelecida na curva retenção de água do solo. Tais relações foram estritamente associadas às alterações da rigidez média do solo devido ao avanço da infiltração e as alterações na sucção do solo. Na condição umidade constante, constatou-se que o maciço poderia se manter estável mesmo com a ausência dos reforços devido à elevada rigidez proporcionada pela sucção do solo. De modo geral, os deslocamentos e deformações foram relativamente pequenos sob a ação da variável umedecimento. A associação desta com os incrementos de tensões geraram deformações adicionais, embora estas ainda não possam ser consideradas excessivas. Os resultados de uma estrutura real corroboraram o comportamento verificado em laboratório. De modo geral, os níveis de deformações foram bastante semelhantes e a presença de água não prejudicou o desempenho da estrutura. Curiosamente, geotêxteis não tecidos de baixa resistência e rigidez à tração foram tão eficazes na estabilidade quanto geotêxteis tecidos de maior rigidez e resistência. Portanto, a eficiência de estruturas de solos finos reforçados com geotêxteis não tecidos foi constatada, mostrando estas possíveis de compor estruturas permanentes.
The effect of the wetting front advancement on the performance of nonwoven geotextile reinforced soil walls constructed with poorly draining soils was evaluated by laboratory full scale models. The tested models performances were monitored under rainfall conditions with different intensities and duration, as well as under intermittent precipitation with reduced intensity of precipitation (lower than the soil permeability). For comparison purposes, an evaluation of a full scale model was conducted with constant soil water content (compaction water content). As regards infiltration, capillary barrier formation have been observed on the interface soil-geotextile during infiltration process; besides, the drainage function of reinforcements after the breakthrough of water, in which water pressures development have not been allowed to occur even after rapid loading. After breakthrough of water, the degree of saturation was maintained around 90% and water pressures were negatives and close to zero. Besides, there are evidences that capillary barriers did not affect the model performance. As a result of wetting advancement, reinforcement strains and internal displacements have increased exponentially with the average of degree saturation of soil. Additionally, these parameters have shown to be correlated to the matric suction of soil with the same trend of the water retention curve. These relationships are essentially resulted from the soil stiffness alterations due to the wetting advancement and suction reduction. Under water content of compaction, reinforcement tensile forces were approximately zero, as a result of the relatively high stiffness of the unsaturated soil caused by the matric suction. Generally, displacements and reinforcement strains were small under wetting conditions and increased when stress increments were applied. However, these strains levels obtained cannot be considered excessive. A validation of laboratory results was observed in an instrumented geotextile reinforced soil wall, in addition to the comparison between woven and nonwoven geotextile sections, in which similar performances were found. Strains levels registered in field were consistent to the laboratory and the nonwoven geotextile wall was not affected by the wetting occurrence. Therefore, the efficiency of nonwoven geotextiles reinforced walls under wetting conditions is assured with no positive water pressures and relatively low levels of degree of saturation, being able to constitute permanent reinforced walls.
The effect of the wetting front advancement on the performance of nonwoven geotextile reinforced soil walls constructed with poorly draining soils was evaluated by laboratory full scale models. The tested models performances were monitored under rainfall conditions with different intensities and duration, as well as under intermittent precipitation with reduced intensity of precipitation (lower than the soil permeability). For comparison purposes, an evaluation of a full scale model was conducted with constant soil water content (compaction water content). As regards infiltration, capillary barrier formation have been observed on the interface soil-geotextile during infiltration process; besides, the drainage function of reinforcements after the breakthrough of water, in which water pressures development have not been allowed to occur even after rapid loading. After breakthrough of water, the degree of saturation was maintained around 90% and water pressures were negatives and close to zero. Besides, there are evidences that capillary barriers did not affect the model performance. As a result of wetting advancement, reinforcement strains and internal displacements have increased exponentially with the average of degree saturation of soil. Additionally, these parameters have shown to be correlated to the matric suction of soil with the same trend of the water retention curve. These relationships are essentially resulted from the soil stiffness alterations due to the wetting advancement and suction reduction. Under water content of compaction, reinforcement tensile forces were approximately zero, as a result of the relatively high stiffness of the unsaturated soil caused by the matric suction. Generally, displacements and reinforcement strains were small under wetting conditions and increased when stress increments were applied. However, these strains levels obtained cannot be considered excessive. A validation of laboratory results was observed in an instrumented geotextile reinforced soil wall, in addition to the comparison between woven and nonwoven geotextile sections, in which similar performances were found. Strains levels registered in field were consistent to the laboratory and the nonwoven geotextile wall was not affected by the wetting occurrence. Therefore, the efficiency of nonwoven geotextiles reinforced walls under wetting conditions is assured with no positive water pressures and relatively low levels of degree of saturation, being able to constitute permanent reinforced walls.
Palavras-chave
Barreira capilar, Umedecimento, Geotêxteis não tecidos, Muros reforçados, Sucção, Solos finos, Suction, Reinforced walls, Nonwoven geotextile, Fine soils, Capillary barriers, Wetting