Desenvolvimento de nova tecnologia de manufatura aditiva baseado em formação seletiva de compósito
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Nos últimos anos, a aplicação de tecnologias de manufatura aditiva tem crescido, estendendo seus benefícios para áreas diversas, como saúde, e encurtando o tempo de desenvolvimento de produto. Contudo, são encontrados apenas fabricantes nacionais de versões \"open-source\" de baixo custo de tecnologias de modelagem por fusão deposição (FDM), não existindo desenvolvedor de uma tecnologia nacional. Em função disto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar e validar uma nova concepção de processo de fabricação aditiva. Esta proposta consiste na geração seletiva de compósito de celulose e acrílico através de fonte coerente de luz UV. Para isto, foram realizados estudos referentes a duas áreas principais, desenvolvimento de material e validação da concepção de processo proposto. Para o desenvolvimento de material, foram estudados materiais fotopoliméricos a base de acrilatos de forma a ser obtida uma formulação de material adequada para ser validado o processo. Da mesma forma, a seleção do material celulósico empregado foi realizado a partir da caracterização de materiais celulósicos laminados (papéis) comumente encontrados no mercado. Adicionalmente, foi identificado potencial de viabilidade preliminar da proposta ao longo da caracterização do compósito, visto que foi avaliada a aderência entre camadas, resistência mecânica à tração, resistência à água e microestrutura do compósito. Após o desenvolvimento do material, foi desenvolvido o projeto preliminar do equipamento de validação da proposta, assim como a fabricação de um protótipo e sua calibração. Foram realizados estudos de otimização para implementação do projeto do sistema de posicionamento, assim como dimensionamento de \"error Budget\" e custo relativo de equipamento. Foi também desenvolvido sistema de deposição de material polimérico, sistema de polimerização e alimentação de material, sendo realizados estudos de caracterização e validação do processo proposto. Foram identificados os efeitos principais dos principais parâmetros de processo para a largura da linha de polimerização, interferência da formação de compósito para camadas anteriores e, por fim a construção de corpo de prova. Através destes estudos, foi possível identificar a viabilidade funcional da proposta, sendo observadas as vantagens e desvantagens desta nova concepção em relação aos principais processos de fabricação aditiva no mercado.
In recent years, the application of additive manufacturing technologies has grown, extending its benefits to diverse areas such as health, and shortening the time product development. However, national manufacturers are only found to provide versions of open-source and low cost FDM technologies, highlighting the absence of a national technology developer. Due to that, the main goal of this work is to present and evaluate a novel concept of additive manufacturing process. This proposal consists in selectively generate composite of cellulose and acrylic through a coherent UV light source. For this, studies have been conducted concerning two main areas, material development and validation of proposed process. For the development of material, we have studied photopolymeric materials based on acrylates so as to obtain a composition of material suitable for validating the process. Likewise, the selection of cellulosic substrate was made from the characterization of laminated cellulosic materials (sheet of paper) which are commonly found at market. Additionally, we identified the potential feasibility of the proposal along the preliminary characterization the composite, whereas it was evaluated the adhesion between layers, tensile strength, water resistance and microstructure of the composite. After development the material, it was developed a preliminary design of equipment for validation of proposal, in addition to fabricating and calibrating a prototype. Studies were performed to optimize and implement the mechanical design of the positioning system as well as sizing error Budget and relative cost of equipment. It was also developed the systems of poylmerization, photopolymeric material deposition, and feed of substrate, being conducted studies for the characterization and validation of proposed process. We identified the main effects of the main process parameters on the polymerization line width, interference of the formation of composite layers for and previous layers, and the construction of the test ix body. Through these studies, it was possible to identify the functional feasibility of the proposal, being observed the advantages and disadvantages of this novel design in comparison with the main additive manufacturing process in the market.
In recent years, the application of additive manufacturing technologies has grown, extending its benefits to diverse areas such as health, and shortening the time product development. However, national manufacturers are only found to provide versions of open-source and low cost FDM technologies, highlighting the absence of a national technology developer. Due to that, the main goal of this work is to present and evaluate a novel concept of additive manufacturing process. This proposal consists in selectively generate composite of cellulose and acrylic through a coherent UV light source. For this, studies have been conducted concerning two main areas, material development and validation of proposed process. For the development of material, we have studied photopolymeric materials based on acrylates so as to obtain a composition of material suitable for validating the process. Likewise, the selection of cellulosic substrate was made from the characterization of laminated cellulosic materials (sheet of paper) which are commonly found at market. Additionally, we identified the potential feasibility of the proposal along the preliminary characterization the composite, whereas it was evaluated the adhesion between layers, tensile strength, water resistance and microstructure of the composite. After development the material, it was developed a preliminary design of equipment for validation of proposal, in addition to fabricating and calibrating a prototype. Studies were performed to optimize and implement the mechanical design of the positioning system as well as sizing error Budget and relative cost of equipment. It was also developed the systems of poylmerization, photopolymeric material deposition, and feed of substrate, being conducted studies for the characterization and validation of proposed process. We identified the main effects of the main process parameters on the polymerization line width, interference of the formation of composite layers for and previous layers, and the construction of the test ix body. Through these studies, it was possible to identify the functional feasibility of the proposal, being observed the advantages and disadvantages of this novel design in comparison with the main additive manufacturing process in the market.
Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento de produto, Fotopolimerização, Manufatura aditiva, Materiais compósitos, Additive manufacturing, Composite materials, Photopolymerization, Product development