A avaliação ambiental estratégica e o planejamento dos recursos hídricos: a experiência francesa e as contribuições para os Planos de Bacia Hidrográfica do Brasil
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
Na gestão da água, o planejamento é o processo que busca definir as melhores alternativas de utilização dos recursos, orientando a tomada de decisão no alcance dos melhores resultados ambientais, sociais e econômicos Assim, o Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica (PBH), que desempenha o papel de planejamento, adquire relevância crescente em função da escassez dos recursos hídricos. Entretanto, no contexto brasileiro, uma série de condições têm limitado a efetiva implementação e adoção desses planos por parte dos diversos atores e setores usuários. Por outro lado, é cada vez mais frequente em âmbito internacional a utilização da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) no processo de formulação de PBHs, com ênfase no papel que a AAE pode desempenhar na coordenação e integração entre os diferentes níveis de planejamento. Assim, por meio de revisão em literatura específica e análise documental de relatórios de AAEs desenvolvidas no contexto francês de planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos, foram avaliadas as potenciais contribuições da AAE para os PBHs do Brasil. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, se utilizadas abordagens participativas, ajustadas à estrutura político-institucional existente, sem, contudo, negligenciar os procedimentos básicos que fundamentam esse instrumento de Avaliação Ambiental, a AAE pode agregar valor a todas as etapas do processo de elaboração de PBHs que, desta forma, terão seus resultados ampliados no sentido da efetiva Gestão Integrada dos Recursos Hídricos.
In water management, planning is the process that seeks to define the best alternatives use resources, guide decision-making in order to produce the best economic, social and environmental results. Therefore becomes relevant the role to be played by River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs), one of the instruments of the National Water Resources Policy (Law 9.433/1997). However, in the current context of water management of Brazil, these plans have run into a number of conditions that limit the results, imposing difficulties to the effective implementation and adoption of these plans by the various actors and user sectors. On the other hand, it is increasingly common internationally the use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in RBMPs formulation, with emphasis on the role that SEA can play in the process of coordination and integration between the different levels of planning. Thus, through a review of the literature and document analysis of SEA reports, developed in the French context of planning and management of water resources, were evaluated the potentials SEA\'s contributions for RBMPs in Brazil. The results indicated that if used participatory approaches, adjusted to the existing political and institutional framework, without, however, neglecting the basic procedures underlying the instrument, SEA has potential contributions verified in all stages of the RBMPs formulation process that in this way, have expanded their results towards the effective Integrated Water Resources Management in the country.
In water management, planning is the process that seeks to define the best alternatives use resources, guide decision-making in order to produce the best economic, social and environmental results. Therefore becomes relevant the role to be played by River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs), one of the instruments of the National Water Resources Policy (Law 9.433/1997). However, in the current context of water management of Brazil, these plans have run into a number of conditions that limit the results, imposing difficulties to the effective implementation and adoption of these plans by the various actors and user sectors. On the other hand, it is increasingly common internationally the use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in RBMPs formulation, with emphasis on the role that SEA can play in the process of coordination and integration between the different levels of planning. Thus, through a review of the literature and document analysis of SEA reports, developed in the French context of planning and management of water resources, were evaluated the potentials SEA\'s contributions for RBMPs in Brazil. The results indicated that if used participatory approaches, adjusted to the existing political and institutional framework, without, however, neglecting the basic procedures underlying the instrument, SEA has potential contributions verified in all stages of the RBMPs formulation process that in this way, have expanded their results towards the effective Integrated Water Resources Management in the country.
Palavras-chave
Avaliação ambiental estratégica, Gestão dos recursos hídricos, Planos de bacia hidrográfica, River basin management plans, Strategic environmental assessment, Water resources management