Caracterização geológico-geotécnica e propostas de intervenções para estabilização de taludes na Boçoroca do Córrego do Cravo - Nazareno/MG
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
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Descrição
Processos erosivos podem gerar grandes prejuízos ambientais e econômicos. É importante que projetos de controle de erosão tenham uma abordagem holística, considerando aspectos econômicos, sociais, ecológicos e paisagísticos. A sub-bacia do Alto Rio Grande apresenta uma elevada incidência de boçorocas de grande porte. No município de Nazareno/MG, foi realizado um projeto de controle na Boçoroca do Córrego do Cravo, entretanto, após a finalização das obras, houve dois grandes escorregamentos na área. Realizou-se uma análise geológico-geotécnica da boçoroca a fim de se entender os motivos pelos quais ocorreram os escorregamentos e propor técnicas de bioengenharia de solos para a estabilização dos taludes. Foram realizadas campanhas de campos e ensaios laboratoriais com amostras de pontos com diferentes condições de estabilidade. Realizaram-se ensaios de determinação de massa específica, granulometria, limites de consistência, erodibilidade, adsorção de azul de metileno, ATD, ATG e DRX. Também se realizou um levantamento bibliográfico de técnicas de bioengenharia de solos para estabilização de taludes em boçorocas preferencialmente em condições similares às da área de estudo. A maior parte da feição erosiva consiste de uma camada de solo laterítico sobre um saprolito de gnaisse. O solo laterítico é majoritariamente argiloso com presença de caulinita e óxidos, que conferem resistência ao material. Já o saprolito é siltoso, friável e apresenta argilominerais mais ativos. O projeto realizado previamente utilizou técnicas de baixo custo e impacto ambiental e controlou o avanço da feição erosiva, entretanto, apresentou algumas carências quanto à estabilização dos taludes. Concluiu-se que os escorregamentos podem ter ocorrido devido à saturação do saprolito e consequente instabilização de todo o maciço. A alta declividade dos taludes e a presença de planos preferenciais de ruptura também podem ter contribuído para a ocorrência dos escorregamentos. Propôs-se o retaludamento das encostas e o uso de técnicas de bioengenharia de solos para a estabilização do solo e incremento da biodiversidade local.
Erosion can generate great environmental and economic losses. It is important that erosion control projects have a holistic approach, considering economic, social, ecological and landscape aspects. The Alto Rio Grande hydrographic basin presents a high incidence of large gullies. A control project was the done in Córrego do Cravo Gully, city of Nazareno/MG. However, after the completion of the works, there were two major landslides in the area. The geological and geotechnical analysis of the gully was accomplished in order to understand the reasons why the landslides occurred and to propose soil bioengineering techniques for slope stabilization. Field visits and laboratory tests on samples from places with different stability conditions were performed. The tests performed were density determination, grain size analysis, liquid limit, plastic limit, erodibility, methylene blue adsorption, DTA, TGA and XRD. It was also made a literature review of soil bioengineering techniques for slope stabilization in gullies preferably under similar conditions to the study area. Most of the studied gully consists of a laterite layer over a gneiss saprolite. The laterite soil is mostly clay with presence of kaolinite and oxides, which provide resistance to the material. The saprolite is silty, friable and presents more active clay minerals. The previous conducted project used low cost and low environment impacts techniques which contained the advance of erosion, however, it presented some deficiencies in slope stabilization. It was concluded that the landslides may have occurred due to saturation of the saprolite and consequent instability of the whole soil massif. The high declivity of the slopes and the presence of rupture surfaces may also have contributed to the occurrence of the landslides. It was proposed the change of the slope geometry and the use of soil bioengineering techniques for soil stabilization and increase of local biodiversity.
Erosion can generate great environmental and economic losses. It is important that erosion control projects have a holistic approach, considering economic, social, ecological and landscape aspects. The Alto Rio Grande hydrographic basin presents a high incidence of large gullies. A control project was the done in Córrego do Cravo Gully, city of Nazareno/MG. However, after the completion of the works, there were two major landslides in the area. The geological and geotechnical analysis of the gully was accomplished in order to understand the reasons why the landslides occurred and to propose soil bioengineering techniques for slope stabilization. Field visits and laboratory tests on samples from places with different stability conditions were performed. The tests performed were density determination, grain size analysis, liquid limit, plastic limit, erodibility, methylene blue adsorption, DTA, TGA and XRD. It was also made a literature review of soil bioengineering techniques for slope stabilization in gullies preferably under similar conditions to the study area. Most of the studied gully consists of a laterite layer over a gneiss saprolite. The laterite soil is mostly clay with presence of kaolinite and oxides, which provide resistance to the material. The saprolite is silty, friable and presents more active clay minerals. The previous conducted project used low cost and low environment impacts techniques which contained the advance of erosion, however, it presented some deficiencies in slope stabilization. It was concluded that the landslides may have occurred due to saturation of the saprolite and consequent instability of the whole soil massif. The high declivity of the slopes and the presence of rupture surfaces may also have contributed to the occurrence of the landslides. It was proposed the change of the slope geometry and the use of soil bioengineering techniques for soil stabilization and increase of local biodiversity.
Palavras-chave
Bioengenharia de solos, Boçoroca, Erosão hídrica, Escorregamentos, Nazareno, Soil bioengineering, Nazareno, Landslides, Gully, Water erosion