Inativação de microrganismos indicadores presentes em efluentes secundários de esgoto sanitário com radiação ultravioleta
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
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Descrição
Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o emprego de radiação ultravioleta em reatores de batelada e em reator com escoamento contínuo (unidade comercial de alta intensidade), respectivamente em escala de laboratório e real. Os ensaios em batelada tiveram como finalidade monitoramento da potência radiante da lâmpada de baixa pressão de vapor de mercúrio durante a vida útil, determinação da intensidade média de radiação ultravioleta incidente no interior da câmara de desinfecção, obtenção dos coeficientes do modelo de Hom para coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Clostridium perfringens e comparação da resistência à desinfecção desses microrganismos indicadores e colifagos. Os ensaios em sistema contínuo apresentaram como principal objetivo estudo da resistência dos microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção em condições de operação em escala real. Nos ensaios de desinfecção utilizou-se esgoto sanitário tratado em nível secundário. Os microrganismos indicadores apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de resistência à desinfecção: C. perfringens, coliformes totais, E. coli e colifagos. As percentagens de inativação de C. perfringens, coliformes totais, E. coli e colifagos nos ensaios em batelada variaram de 0 a 99,882%, 36,3 a 99,999%, 21,8 a 100% e de 86,5 a 100%, respectivamente. Os resultados de inativação obtidos para coliformes totais e E. coli apresentaram ajustes pelo modelo de Hom com valores de R2 superiores a 0,81 e 0,76, respectivamente. Comprovou-se que a instalação contínua é inadequada para efluentes com elevadas concentrações de sólidos em suspensão e matéria orgânica.
In this research the use of ultraviolet radiation was studied in batch and continuous flow (high intensity commercial unit) reactors, respectively in laboratory and real scale. The batch assays were aimed to monitor the wattage of the low-pressure mercury lamp during its lifetime, to determine the mean ultraviolet radiation intensity inside disinfection chamber, to obtain Hom model coefficients for total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens and to compare the resistance to disinfection of these indicator microorganisms and coliphages. The assays in the continuous system presented as main objective to study the resistance of these indicator microorganisms to disinfection in real scale operational conditions. In the disinfection assays wastewater treated by a secondary level was used. The indicator microorganisms presented the following decreasing order of disinfection resistance: C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages. C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages inactivation percentages in batch assays varied from 0 to 99,882%, 36,3 to 99,999%, 21,8 to 100% and from 86,5 to 100%, respectively. The inactivation results obtained for total coliforms and E. coli presented adjustments by Hom model with R2 values above 0,81 and 0,76, respectively. It was proved that the installation of high intensity is not adequate for effluents with high concentration of suspended solids and organic matter.
In this research the use of ultraviolet radiation was studied in batch and continuous flow (high intensity commercial unit) reactors, respectively in laboratory and real scale. The batch assays were aimed to monitor the wattage of the low-pressure mercury lamp during its lifetime, to determine the mean ultraviolet radiation intensity inside disinfection chamber, to obtain Hom model coefficients for total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens and to compare the resistance to disinfection of these indicator microorganisms and coliphages. The assays in the continuous system presented as main objective to study the resistance of these indicator microorganisms to disinfection in real scale operational conditions. In the disinfection assays wastewater treated by a secondary level was used. The indicator microorganisms presented the following decreasing order of disinfection resistance: C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages. C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages inactivation percentages in batch assays varied from 0 to 99,882%, 36,3 to 99,999%, 21,8 to 100% and from 86,5 to 100%, respectively. The inactivation results obtained for total coliforms and E. coli presented adjustments by Hom model with R2 values above 0,81 and 0,76, respectively. It was proved that the installation of high intensity is not adequate for effluents with high concentration of suspended solids and organic matter.
Palavras-chave
Actinometria, Radiometria, Radiação ultravioleta, Modelo de Hom, Microrganismos indicadores, Desinfecção, Indicator microorganisms, Hom model, Disinfection, Actinometry, Radiometry, Ultraviolet radiation