Detalhamento das propriedades turbulentas em água agitada por grades oscilantes
Data
2017-11-15
Autores
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Universidade de São Paulo
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Resumo
Descrição
As propriedades da turbulência induzida em um fluido viscoso através da oscilação de uma grade foram investigadas experimentalmente utilizando a técnica DPIV (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry). Perfis verticais da energia cinética turbulenta, taxa de dissipação de energia, viscosidade turbulenta e escala de comprimento foram obtidos e comparados com soluções analíticas existentes. Os dados experimentais mostram uma boa concordância com as predições teóricas. Adicionalmente, foi observado que há uma variação significativa da intensidade turbulenta para distâncias próximas da grade. Com o aumento da distância, a turbulência se torna mais homogênea no plano horizontal, e estas variações tendem a desaparecer. Os resultados mostram também que o escoamento somente pode ser considerado livre de cisalhamento para grandes distâncias da grade, onde as tensões de Reynolds se aproximam de zero. Além disso, descobriu-se que são necessários no mínimo 450 campos de vetores para assegurar a precisão das medidas. Também foram realizadas medidas de turbulência em uma configuração de duas grades. Os resultados mostram que a região central entre as duas grades possui certas propriedades similares à turbulência isotrópica. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas comparações com o modelo k-ε, mostrando que o mesmo pode ser aplicado a uma configuração de duas grades.
The properties of turbulence induced in a viscous fluid by oscillating a grid were investigated experimentally using the digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). Vertical profiles of the turbulent energy, the dissipation rate, the eddy viscosity and a lengthscale have been obtained and compared with available analytical solutions. The experimental data agree well with the theoretical predictions. In addition, it could be observed that there are significant variations of the turbulent intensities at a small distance from the grid. With increasing distance from the grid, the turbulence becomes more homogeneous in the horizontal plane, and the variations in the turbulent intensities are reduced. The results also show that the turbulence can be considered to be shear-free only at a distance sufficiently far away from the grid, where the Reynolds shear stress aproaches zero. It became evident, furthermore, that at least 450 vector maps should be taken to ensure the accuracy of the measured velocity fluctuations. Turbulence was also measured for a two-grid configuration. It was found that the central region between the grids has certain properties similar to that of isotropic turbulence. The results show good agreement with the k-ε model, validating the application of the k-ε model to a pair of oscillating-grids.
The properties of turbulence induced in a viscous fluid by oscillating a grid were investigated experimentally using the digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). Vertical profiles of the turbulent energy, the dissipation rate, the eddy viscosity and a lengthscale have been obtained and compared with available analytical solutions. The experimental data agree well with the theoretical predictions. In addition, it could be observed that there are significant variations of the turbulent intensities at a small distance from the grid. With increasing distance from the grid, the turbulence becomes more homogeneous in the horizontal plane, and the variations in the turbulent intensities are reduced. The results also show that the turbulence can be considered to be shear-free only at a distance sufficiently far away from the grid, where the Reynolds shear stress aproaches zero. It became evident, furthermore, that at least 450 vector maps should be taken to ensure the accuracy of the measured velocity fluctuations. Turbulence was also measured for a two-grid configuration. It was found that the central region between the grids has certain properties similar to that of isotropic turbulence. The results show good agreement with the k-ε model, validating the application of the k-ε model to a pair of oscillating-grids.
Palavras-chave
DPIV, Grades oscilantes, Turbulência, DPIV, Oscillating grids, Turbulence